DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit:
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the twenty-second day of January, in the thirty-eighth year of the independence of the United States of America, A.D. 1814, Bradford & Inskeep, of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, to the words following, to wit:
“History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the sources of the Missouri, thence across the Rocky Mountains, and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Performed during the Years 1804-5-6, by order of the Government of the United States. Prepared for the press by Paul Allen, Esquire.”
In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled “An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the time therein mentioned.” And also to the act, entitled, “An act supplementary to an act, entitled, “An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the time therein mentioned,” and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints.”
DAVID CALDWELL,
Clerk of the District of Pennsylvania.
CONTENTS
| VOL. II. | |
| [CHAPTER I.] | |
| The party proceed in canoes. Description of an Indian sweating bath andburial place. Many dangerous rapids passed. Narrow escape of one of the canoes.In the passage down they are visited by several Indians, all of whommanifest pacific dispositions. Description of the Sokulk tribe. Their dress, andmanner of building houses. Their pacific character. Their habits of living.Their mode of boiling salmon. Vast quantities of salmon amongst the Sokulk.Council held with this tribe. The terror and consternation excited by captainClark, concerning which an interesting cause is related. Some accountof the Pisquitpaws. Their mode of burying the dead. | [1] |
| [CHAPTER II.] | |
| The party in their passage still visited by the Indians. Lepage’s river described.Immense quantities of salmon caught by the Indians. Description ofthe river Towahnahiooks. Indian mode of stacking fish, and preparing themfor market. Description of the great falls. Description of an Indian canoe.Alarm excited by an anticipated attack from the Eheltoots. A very dangerousrapid passed in safety, called by the Indians the Falls. Account of the Indianhouses in the neighbourhood. Another dreadful rapid passed without injury.Some account of the Chilluckittequaw Indians. Captain Clark examinesthe great rapids. Description of an Indian burial place. The rapidspassed in safety. | [27] |
| [CHAPTER III.] | |
| First appearance of tide water in the Columbia river. Description of theQuicksand river. Some account of the Skilloot Indians. The party pass theriver Coweliskee. Some account of the Wahkiacum Indians. Arrival on theborders of the Pacific. Disagreeable and critical situation of the party whenfirst encamped. Their distress occasioned by the incessant torrents of rain.Exposed for thirty days to this drenching deluge, during which time theirprovisions are spoiled, and most of their few articles of merchandise destroyed.Distress of the party. Adventure of Shannon and his danger from theWahkiacum. Difficulty of finding a place suitable for a permanent encampment.Visited by several Indians of different tribes, on whom medalsare bestowed. | [58] |
| [CHAPTER IV.] | |
| Extravagant passion of the natives for blue beads, which constitute amongstthem the circulating medium of the country. The party still in search of asuitable place for winter quarters. Still suffering from the constant deluges ofrain. Are visited by the Indians, with whom they traffic but little, on accountof the extravagant prices they ask for every article. Return of captain Lewiswho reports that he has found a suitable place for winter quarters. The rainstill continues. They prepare to form an encampment on a point of high landon the banks of the river Nutel. Captain Clark goes with a party to finda place suitable for the manufacture of salt. He is hospitably entertained bythe Clatsops. This tribe addicted to the vice of gambling. Sickness of someof the party, occasioned by the incessant rains. They form, notwithstanding,a permanent encampment for their winter quarters. | [83] |
| [CHAPTER V.] | |
| A party, headed by captain Clark, go in quest of a whale driven on the shoreof the Pacific to obtain some of the oil. They pass the Clatsop river, which is described.The perilous nature of this jaunt, and the grandeur of the scenerydescribed. Indian mode of extracting whale oil. The life of one of captainClark’s party preserved by the kindness of an Indian woman. A short accountof the Chinnooks, of the Clatsops, Killamucks, the Lucktons, and anenumeration of several other tribes. The manner of sepulchre among theChinnooks, Clatsops, &c. Description of their weapons of war and hunting.Their mode of building houses. Their manufactures, and cookery. Theirmode of making canoes. Their great dexterity in managing that vehicle. | [105] |
| [CHAPTER VI.] | |
| An account of the Clatsops, Killamucks, Chinnooks and Cathlamahs. Theiruniform customs of flattening the forehead. The dress of these savages, andtheir ornaments, described. The licensed prostitution of the women, marriedand unmarried, of which a ludicrous instance is given. The character of theirdiseases. The common opinion, that the treatment of women is the standardby which the virtues of an Indian may be known, combatted, and disprovedby examples. The respect entertained by these Indians for old age, comparedwith the different conduct of those nations who subsist by the chase.Their mode of government. Their ignorance of ardent spirits, and their fondnessfor gambling. Their dexterity in traffic. In what articles their trafficconsists. Their extraordinary attachment to blue beads, which forms theircirculating medium. | [130] |
| [CHAPTER VII.] | |
| A general description of the beasts, birds, and plants, &c. found by the partyin this expedition. | [148] |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] | |
| Difficulty of procuring means of subsistence for the party. They determineto resume their journey to the mountains. They leave in the hands ofthe Indians a written memorandum, importing their having penetrated tothe Pacific, through the route of the Missouri and Columbia, and through theRocky mountains. The party commence their return route. Dexterity of theCathlamah Indians in carving. Description of the Coweliskee river. Theyexperience much hospitality from the natives. An instance of the extreme voracityof the vulture. The party are visited by many strange Indians, all ofwhom are kind and hospitable. Scarcity of game, and embarrassments of theparty on that account. Captain Clark discovers a tribe not seen in the descentdown the Columbia. Singular adventure to obtain provisions from them.Particular description of the Multnomah village and river. Description ofmount Jefferson. Some account by captain Clark of the Neerchokio tribe,and of their architecture. Their sufferings by the small-pox. | [202] |
| [CHAPTER IX.] | |
| Description of Wappatoo island, and the mode in which the nations gatherwappatoo. The character of the soil and its productions. The numerous tribesresiding in its vicinity. The probability that they were all of the tribe of theMultnomahs originally, inferred from similarity of dress, manners, language,&c. Description of their dress, weapons of war, their mode of burying thedead. Description of another village, called the Wahelellah village. Theirmode of architecture. Extraordinary height of Beacon rock. Unfriendlycharacter of the Indians at that place. The party, alarmed for their safety,resolve to inflict summary vengeance, in case the Wahelellah tribe persist intheir outrages and insults. Interview with the chief of that tribe, and confidencerestored. Difficulty of drawing the canoes over the rapids. Visited by aparty of the Yehugh tribe. Short notice of the Weocksockwillackum tribe.Curious phenomenon observed in the Columbia, from the Rapids to the Chilluckittequaws. | [223] |
| [CHAPTER X.] | |
| Captain Clark procures four horses for the transportation of the baggage.Some further account of the Skilloot tribe. Their joy at the first appearanceof salmon in the Columbia. Their thievish propensities. The party arrive atthe village of the Eneeshurs, where the natives are found alike unfriendly.The party now provided with horses. The party prevented from the exerciseof hostility against this nation by a friendly adjustment. The scarcity oftimber so great that they are compelled to buy wood to cook their provisions.Arrive at the Wahhowpum village. Dance of the natives. Their ingenuityin declining to purchase the canoes, on the supposition that the party wouldbe compelled to leave them behind defeated. The party having obtained acomplement of horses, proceed by land. Arrive at the Pishquitpah village, andsome account of that people. Their frank and hospitable treatment from theWollawollahs. Their mode of dancing described. Their mode of making fish-weirs.Their amiable character, and their unusual affection for whites. | [244] |
| [CHAPTER XI.] | |
| The party still pursue their route towards the Kooskooskee on horsebackwith Wollawollah guides. Character of the country. The quamash and otherflowering shrubs in bloom. The party reach the Kinnooenim creek. Theymeet with an old acquaintance called the Bighorn Indian. They arrive at themouth of the Kooskooskee. Singular custom among the Chopunnish women.Difficulty of purchasing provisions from the natives, and the new resort ofthe party to obtain them. The Chopunnish style of architecture. CaptainClark turns physician, and performs several experiments with success uponthe natives, which they reward. An instance of their honesty. The distressof the Indians for want of provisions during the winter. The party finallymeet the Twistedhair, to whom was entrusted their horses during their journeydown. The quarrel between that chief and another of his nation, on thesubject of his horses. The cause of this controversy stated at large. The twochiefs reconciled by the interference of the party, and the horses restored.Extraordinary instance of Indian hospitality towards strangers. A council heldwith the Chopunnish, and the object of the expedition explained in a verycircuitous route of explanation. The party again perform medical cures. Theanswer of the Chopunnish to the speech delivered at the council, confirmedby a singular ceremony of acquiescence. They promise faithfully to followthe advice of their visiters. | [264] |
| [CHAPTER XII.] | |
| The party encamp amongst the Chopunnish, and receive further evidencesof their hospitality. The Indian mode of boiling bear-flesh. Of gelding horses.Their mode of decoying the deer within reach of their arrows. Character ofthe soil and climate in the Rocky mountain. Varieties of climate. Characterof the natives. Their dress and ornaments. Mode of burying the dead. Theparty administer medical relief to the natives. One of the natives restoredto the use of his limbs by sweating, and the curious process by which perspirationwas excited. Another proof of Chopunnish hospitality. Success oftheir sweating prescription on the Indian chief. Description of the hornedlizzard, and a variety of insects. The attachment of the friends of a dyingIndian to a tomahawk which he had stolen from the party, and which theydesired to bury with the body. Description of the river Tommanamah. TheIndians return an answer to a proposition made by the party. | [286] |
| [CHAPTER XIII.] | |
| The party mingle in the diversions of the Willetpos Indians, a tribe hithertounnoticed. Their joy on the prospect of a return. Description of thevegetables growing on the Rocky mountains. Various preparations made toresume their journey. The party set out, and arrive at Hungry creek. Theserious and desponding difficulties that obstructed their progress. They arecompelled to return and wait for a guide across the mountains. Their distressfor want of provisions. They resolve to return to the Quamash flats. Theyare at last so fortunate as to procure Indian guides, with whom they resumetheir journey to the falls of the Missouri. The danger of the routedescribed. Their scarcity of provisions, and the danger of their journey. Theircourse lying along the ridges of mountains. Description of thewarm springs, where the party encamp. The fondness of the Indians forbathing in them. | [309] |
| [CHAPTER XIV.] | |
| The party proceed on their journey with their Indian guides, and atlength agree to divide, to take several routes, and to meet again at the mouthof Yellowstone river. The route of captain Lewis is to pursue the most directroad to the falls of the Missouri, then to ascend Maria’s river, explorethe country, and to descend that river to its mouth. Captain Lewis, accordingly,with nine men proceed up the eastern branch of Clark’s river,and take leave of their Indian guides. Description of that branch, and characterof the surrounding country. Description of the Cokalahishkit river.They arrive at the ridge dividing the Missouri from the Columbia rivers.Meet once more with the buffaloe and brown bear. Immense herds of buffaloediscovered on the borders of Medicine river. The party encamp onWhitebear islands. Singular adventure that befel M’Neal. Captain Lewis,with three of his party proceed to explore the source of Maria’s river. Tansyriver described. He reaches the dividing line of these two streams. Generalcharacter of the surrounding country. | [329] |
| [CHAPTER XV.] | |
| Captain Lewis and his party still proceed on the route mentioned in thelast chapter, and arrive at the forks of Maria’s river; of which river a particulardescription is given. Alarmed by the evidence that they are in the neighbourhoodof unfriendly Indians, and much distressed for want of provisions,the weather proving unfavourable, they are compelled to return. The faceof the country described. Interview with the unfriendly Indians, called Minnetareesof Fort de Prairie. Mutual consternation. Resolution of captainLewis. They encamp together for the night, apparently with amicable dispositions.The conversation that ensued between these new visitants. Theconflict occasioned by the Indians attempting to seize the rifles and horses ofthe party, in which one is mortally wounded. Captain Lewis kills anotherIndian, and his narrow escape. Having taken four horses belonging to theIndians, they hastened with all expedition to join the party attached to captainClark. Arriving near the Missouri they are alarmed by the sound ofrifles, which proves fortunately to be from the party of their friends, underthe command of serjeant Ordway. The two detachments thus fortunatelyunited, leave their horses, and descend the Missouri in canoes. They continuetheir route down the river to form a junction with captain Clark. Vastquantities of game found in their passage down the river. Captain Lewis accidentallywounded by one of his own party. They proceed down the Missouri,and at length join captain Clark. | [347] |
| [CHAPTER XVI.] | |
| The party commanded by captain Clark, previous to his being joined bycaptain Lewis, proceed along Clark’s river, in pursuance of the route mentionedin a preceding chapter. Their sorry commemoration of our nationalanniversary. An instance of Sacajawea’s strength of memory. Descriptionof the river and of the surrounding country as the party proceed.Several of the horses belonging to the party supposed to be stolen by theirIndian neighbours. They reach Wisdom river. Extraordinary heat of aspring. The strong attachment of the party for tobacco, which they find onopening a cache. Serjeant Ordway recovers the horses. Captain Clark divideshis party, one detachment of which was to descend the river: they reachGallatin and Jefferson rivers, of which a description is given. Arrive at theYellowstone river. Some account of Otter and Beaver rivers. An example ofIndian fortification. One of the party seriously and accidentally wounded. Engagedin the construction of canoes. Twenty-four horses stolen, probably bythe Indians in one night. | [366] |
| [CHAPTER XVII.] | |
| Captain Clark proceeds with his party down the river. Description ofan Indian lodge. Serjeant Pryor arrives with the horses left by the party whenthey embarked in their canoes; his difficulty in bringing them on. Remarkablerock discovered by captain Clark, and the beauty of the prospect fromthe summit. They continue their route down the river, of which a particulardescription is given, as well as the surrounding country. Yellowstone andBighorn rivers compared. Great quantities of game found on the banks ofthe rivers. Immense herds of buffaloe. Fierceness of the white bear. Encampat the junction of the Yellowstone and Missouri. A general outline given ofYellowstone river, comprehending the shoals; its entrance recommended forthe formation of a trading establishment. The sufferings of the party fromthe musquetoes. Serjeant Pryor, who, with a detachment of the party, wasto have brought on the horses, arrives and reports that they were all stolenby the Indians; deprived of these animals, they form for themselves Indiancanoes of the skins of beasts, and of curious structure, with which they descendthe river over the most difficult shoals and dangerous rapids. Meetwith two white men unexpectedly, from whom they procure intelligence ofthe Indians formerly visited by the party. | [385] |
| [CHAPTER XVIII.] | |
| The party, while descending the river in their skin canoes, are overtakenby the detachment under captain Lewis, and the whole party, now once morehappily united, descend the Missouri together. They once more visit the MinnetareeIndians, and hold a council with that nation as well as with the Mahahas.Captain Clark endeavours to persuade their chiefs to accompanyhim to the United States, which invitation they decline, on account of theirfears of the Sioux, in their passage down the river. Colter, one of the party,requests and obtains liberty to remain among the Indians for the purpose ofhunting beaver. Friendly deportment of the Mandans; council held by captainClark with the chiefs of the different villages; the chief named the Bigwhite,with his wife and son, agree to accompany the party to the UnitedStates, who takes an affecting farewell of his nation. Chaboneau, with hiswife and child, decline visiting the United States, and are left among the Indians.The party at length proceed on their journey, and find that the courseof the Missouri has, in some places, changed since their passage up that river.They arrive among the Ricaras. Character of the Chayennes; their dress,habits, &c. Captain Clark offers to the chief of this nation a medal, which heat first refuses, believing it to be medicine, but which he is afterwards prevailedon to accept. The Ricaras refuse to permit one of their party to accompanycaptain Clark to the United states until the return of their chief,who had formerly gone. The party proceed rapidly down the river. Prepareto defend themselves against the Tetons, but receive no injury from them.Incredible numbers of buffaloe seen near White river. They meet, at last,with the Tetons, and refuse their invitation to land. Intrepidity of captainClark. | [403] |
| [CHAPTER XIX.] | |
| The party return in safety to St. Louis. | [423] |
| Appendix. | [435] |