Being Well-Born: An Introduction to Eugenics

by Michael F. Guyer

INDEX

INDEX

Ability: [118];
calculating, literary, musical, [120].
Able child likely to be neglected, [257].
Achondroplasy, [113].
Acquired characters, inheritance of, [121].
Adami, [164].
Adaptations, establishment of, [140].
Adaptive responses, [201].
Agassiz, [297].
Albinism, in man, [116].
Alcohol: and crime, [279];
and degeneracy, [172], [179];
and germinal tissue, [172];
a poison, [168].
Alcoholism: [101], [117], [167];
factors in, [180];
in lower animals, [173-178];
views regarding inheritance of, [169], [170], [172], [178], [179], [180].
Alkaptonuria, [117].
Allelomorph, [77].
Alpine plants, non-inheritance of acquired characters, [131].
Alternative action in behavior, [207].
Altruism, possible origin of, [220].
Ambystoma, [132].
Ameba, [23], [24].
Ancestors, number of, [4].
Ancestry: a network, [3];
dual, [6];
in royalty, [5];
pride of, as a eugenic agent, [309].
Backward child, [256].
Backwardness, importance of early determination, [256], [257].
Bardeen, [126].
Barker, [229].
Barr, [246], [247], [248].
Barrington, [179].
Bateson, [77], [82].
Bees, inheritance in, [136], [137].
Behavior: lower animals, [197];
modifiability of, [200], [204-207], [217], [219], [224], [225], [337];
not wholly established by heredity, [217], [227];
rational, [205], [206];
various forms of, possible, [207], [219].
Bell, [152].
Bezzola, [170].

Billings, [249].
Binet-Simon test, [255].
Biometry, [16].
Birthmarks, [159], [160].
Birth-rate: significance of, [302];
too low in desirable stocks, [302], [304], [305], [307].
Blastomeres, [55].
Blastophthoria, [163].
Blended inheritance, [87], [92], [93].
Blends, mistakes for, [91].
Blindness, infantile, [183].
Blistering, [113].
Body: how built up from germ, [36];
duality of, [50].
Brachydactylism, [107].
Brain: in higher animals, [213];
mechanism, maladjustments of, [230].
Branthwaite, [180], [292].
Breeding, experiments, method of, [14], [15].
Brewer, [142].
Brieux, [101].
Bronner, [266].
Brown Sequard, [132], [133].
Cabot, [183].
Cacogenic strains, [310].
Cajal, [209].
Cancer, [117], [154].
Capsella, [131].
Castle, [134].
Cataract, presenile, [112].
Cattle: horn characters, [79];
roan, [81].
Cell: a unit of structure, [20];
diagram of, [21];
structure of, [20], [30].
Cell-division: [31];
indirect (mitosis), [32];
meaning of indirect, [34].
Cell-theory, [22].
Cellular basis of heredity, [22].
Ceni, [174].
Centrosome, [31].
Cerebral cortex, not functionally homogeneous, [211].
Character: defined, [12];
dominant, [74];
recessive, [74].
Characters: contrasted, [69];
determiners of, [13], [14];
independence of, [69];
inheritable and non-inheritable, [121], [122];
more than two pairs of, [87];
new combinations of, [82], [83], [84];
separable, [69];
symbols for, [78];
two pairs of, [82].
Chauvin, [132].
Chemotropism, [198].
Childbirths, intervals between, [165].

Children of the future: ours to determine quality of, [338], [339];
and home, [338].
Cholera, [152].
Chorea: [117];
Huntington’s, [113-115], [243], [325].
Chromatin, [31].
Chromosome, [32].
Chromosomes: individuality of, [39], [48];
determiners in, [94];
in germ and body cells, [40];
Mendelian factors and, [93];
number and appearance, [34], [41];
pairs of, [40], [93], [94];
significance of, in heredity, [35], [49], [50], [51], [53], [54].
Chromotropism, [198].
Church, [242].
Cleavage, [36].
Cleft-palate, [178].
Cole, [166].
College graduates and birth-rate, [304].
Coloboma, [113].
Color-blindness, [60-62].
Conceptual thought, origin of, [206].
Conduct: importance to young of practise, [221], [223];
hereditary predisposition and, [218], [337];
responsibility for, [195].
Congenital traits, [123].
Conjugation, [25].
Consciousness, [206].
Conservation: of superior strains, [157];
human, [299], [300].
Constructive eugenics, [309].
Corneal opacity, [113].
Correns, [68].
Cortex of brain, [195], [213].
Cost, of caring for our disordered and delinquent, [257], [300].
Cretins, effects of segregating the sexes, [321].
Crime: and delinquency, [263], [287];
and feeble-mindedness, [264-270];
bearings of immigration on, [280];
classifications of, [276];
defined, [276];
heredity vs. environment in, [263];
increase in, [272];
mental disorders most frequently associated with, [279];
no specific hereditary factor for, [275].
Criminal: the born, [277];
the epileptic, [277].
Criminality, [117].
Criss-cross inheritance, [61].
Criteria for judging reproductive fitness, [304], [306].
Cytoplasm: [30];
in heredity, [51].
Daltonism, [60].
Dana, [257].
Darwin, pedigree of, [316].
Davenport, [92], [116], [231], [243], [257], [271], [273], [284], [291], [304], [312].
Davis, [185].
Deaf-mutism, [152], [153].

Death, natural, [28].
Decline of nations, [290], [300].
Defective delinquent, should prevent procreation of, [335].
Defectives: increase due to breeding, [290], [291];
natural elimination done away with among, [292];
unpardonable to let multiply, [288].
Defects: breeding out, [118], [119];
mental and nervous, [228].
Degenerate strains: [269];
not a product of surroundings, [273].
Degenerates, sterilization of married, [330].
Delinquency, causes of, [267], [274].
Delinquents not all defectives, [274].
Delinquent women and girls, many mentally defective, [265], [266].
Dendrite, [208].
De Sanctis, [256].
Determiners: [13], [77];
different producing the same character, [88], [90];
segregation of, [84].
Development: in higher organisms, [28];
suppressed, [9].
De Vries, [68].
Diabetes, [113].
Difficulty, educational value of, [222], [223].
Digital malformations, [107].
Dihybrids, [82].
Diploid number of chromosomes, [41], [43].
Disease: defined, [146];
inheritance of, [98], [148];
predisposition to, [148];
reappearance of not necessarily inheritance, [146].
Dominance: [74];
delayed, [81];
incomplete, [80], [100];
in human genealogies, [102];
in man, [99], [107].
Don Carlos, number of ancestors, [5].
Drosophila, [66].
Duplex character, [80], [99].
Dwarfing, by starvation, [130].
Dwarfs, true, [117].
East, [91].
Education: actual practise in carrying out projects important, [221];
affording opportunity for development of good traits, [226];
effects of not inherited, [142], [155];
establishing pathways through the nervous system, [210];
importance of difficulty in, [222], [223];
non-transference of skill acquired in one line to other lines, [213];
providing proper stimuli, [226];
training in motive necessary, [220];
value of interest in, [223].
Egg, a cell, [22].
Egg-cell and sperm-cell contrasted, [29].
Elderton, [179], [296].
Electrotropism, [198].

Ellis, [265], [301].
Embryo, relation to mother, [161].
Embryogeny, [36].
Emerick, [251].
Environment: direct action on germ cells, [124], [125];
effects of faulty, [158];
in crime and delinquency, [263], [266], [273], [274].
Epidermolysis, [113].
Epilepsy: [101], [117], [242], [249], [251], [252], [253];
in guinea-pigs, [132];
relation to feeble-mindedness, [249].
Epileptic, the criminal type, [277-279].
Epileptics, number of, [230], [246], [250].
Eugenic agent, educated public sentiment, [330].
Eugenics: and education, [309];
and personal liberty, [332];
a working program of, [335];
constructive, based on education, [301];
defined, [293];
desirable traits, [306];
education of women in, [333];
influence of public opinion on, [331];
much yet to be done, [333], [334];
positive and negative, [301].
Ewart, [10], [165].
Exceptional child likely to be neglected, [257].
Experimental breeding, method of, [15].
External conditions, influences of, [130].
Eye-color: [9], [103];
inheritance of, [104].
Eye-defects, [108], [110].
Family pride and eugenics, [309].
Farabee, [106].
Fay, [153].
Feeble-minded: prevention of procreation in, [258], [335];
results of non-restraint, [246].
Feeble-mindedness: [101], [117];
and crime, [264-269], [279];
grades of, [244];
inheritance of, [245];
not insanity, [238];
relation of alcohol to, [169-172].
Fernald, [256], [266].
Fertilization, [26], [29], [47], [48].
Fetus: poisoning of, [162];
relation to mother, [161].
Fiber-tracts in man, [214].
Fitness, criteria for judging, [304], [306].
Flexner, [186].
Forel, [169], [173], [303].
Fowl, Andalusian, [69], [70], [71].
Frederick the Great, number of ancestors, [5].
Friedreich’s disease, [117].
Fruit-fly, [66].
Galton, [293], [295].
Gamete, [28], [40].

Gametes in dihybrids, [85].
Gametic matings in man, [100].
Geddes, [55].
Genealogies, imperfect, [98].
Genotype, [86].
Geotropism, [198].
Germ and body distinct, [37], [38].
Germ: control of possibilities in, [224];
singleness of, [50].
German emperor, number of ancestors, [5].
Germ-cells: affected by poisons, [126];
changes in, [126], [127];
early set apart, [37];
question of effects of body on, [128], [135];
effects of external influences on, [124];
in Miastor, [37], [38];
metabolic changes in, [138];
origin of, [36], [37];
possibilities of development, [127];
two classes of, [71], [73].
Germinal continuity, [39].
Germinal variation and the origin of new characters: [138];
cases analyzed, [141];
sexual reproduction in relation to, [138].
Germ-plasm and bad environment, [194].
Gifted persons, [212].
Glaucoma, [113].
Goddard, [118], [171], [174], [188], [235], [238], [245], [250], [256], [257], [264], [269], [326].
Gonads, transplantation of, [134].
Gonorrhoea: seriousness of, [182];
prevalence, [183].
Gorst, [234].
Gout, [153], [234].
Guinea-pigs: alcoholism in, [175];
Mendelism in, [75].
Guyer, [59].
Habit, [219].
Habits, modification of in lower animals, [204].
Hair-color, [105].
Hair shape, [105].
Hamburger, [150].
Handwriting, [120].
Haploid number of chromosomes, [41], [43].
Harelip, [178].
Hart, [266], [319], [326].
Healy, [256],

[274], [278].
Hearing, hardness of, [118].
Heart disease, [154].
Hegner, [27], [38].
Heliotropism, [198].
Helm, [109], [111].
Hemophilia, [64].
Hereditary character defined, [12].

Hereditary mingling, mosaic rather than blend, [13].
Hereditary transmission, laws of, [68].
Heredity: and environment, [295];
dual ancestry in, [6];
defined, [1];
false, [163];
human, uncertainty of records, [98];
in protozoa, [22], [23];
in insanity, importance of, [261];
in sexually reproducing forms, [7];
in unicellular forms, [22], [23];
methods of study, [14], [15];
new discoveries in, [67];
not a blend, [13];
race betterment through, [289].
Heritage, blood, [1].
Heron, [307].
Heterozygote: [80];
detection of, [80].
Hill-folk, the, [271].
Hodge, [175].
Holmes, [203].
Home, for children, [338].
Homozygote, [80].
Huntington’s chorea, [113-115], [243], [325].
Huxley, [195], [205].
Hybrids: [52];
whites and negroes, [297], [298].
Hypotrichosis, [113].
Hysteria, [117].
Ichthyosis, [65].
Ideals, importance of establishing in children, [223].
Idiots, [244].
Imbeciles, [244].
Immigrants, duty of excluding undesirable, [335].
Immigration: and mental unsoundness, [281], [282];
bearing on crime and delinquency, [280];
bearing on venereal diseases, [282];
importance of restricting, [283], [335].
Immortality: of protozoa, [23];
of the race, [3].
Immunity, artificial, not inherited, [155].
Inbreeding, in defectives, [271].
Individual, and race, [3].
Inebriate women, offspring of, [168].
Inebriety, constitutional, [180].
Infant mortality, [149].
Infection, prenatal, [147].
Inheritance: and disease, [146];
blended, [87], [93];
of tendencies, [107].
Inhibitions, [216].
Inhibitors, [79].
Insane, increase in numbers of, [233], [234].
Insanity: [117];
certain forms recessive, [243];
eugenical significance of, [234], [235], [240];
importance of early diagnosis, [259];
some forms not hereditary, [260];
types of, [239];
prevalence in the United States, [228], [229].

Insect colors, effect of temperature, [129].
Instincts: [203];
adjustable, [203];
not inherited acquirements, [144];
origin of intelligent behavior from, [203], [204].
Institutional figures misleading, [266].
Intelligence, [205], [206].
Intelligent behavior, opening up possibilities of, [204].
Ireland, [171].
Irritability, characteristics of living protoplasm, [197].
Jennings, [203], [204].
Johnson, [305].
Johnstone, [245], [319], [320], [321].
Jolly, [243].
Jordan, [4], [299].
Jukes, [270].
Kallikak family, [269], [270].
Kellicott, [314], [316].
Kellogg, [299].
Keratosis, [113].
Kidney diseases, [154].
Kirby, [187], [324].
Knox, [256].
Kraeplin, [242].
Laitinen, [174].
Language, as mental aid, [206], [207].
Lapsed intelligence, theory of, [145].
Larval stages, susceptibility of, [128].
Laws, sterilization, [323], [327], [329].
Lead-poisoning: [163];
experiments on rabbits, [163].
Lederbaur, [131].
Legal restraint of defectives limited, [331].
Lens: displaced, [113];
cataract, [112].
Leprosy, [152].
Leptinotarsa, production of variations in, [125].
Linden, Countess von, [129].
Linin, [31].
Little’s disease, [215].
Locomotor ataxia, [187].
Loeb, [62], [203].
Longevity, [120].
Lord Morton’s mare, [10].
Lorenz, [113], [114], [115].
Low birth-rate, [308].
Lowell, Judge John, [312].
Luetin test, [188].
Lunborg, [243].

MacDougal, [125].
Margaret, Mother of Criminals, [270].
Marriage: barriers to, [331];
inter-racial, [296];
medical inspection before, [191].
Mast, [203].
Maternal impressions, [159-160].
Maturation: [39], [41], [43], [44];
parallel between egg and sperm-cell, [44], [46].
Mechanical skill, [120].
Mechanism of heredity, [22], [25], [26], [28], [29], [30], [35], [37], [40-54], [94], [95].
Melancholia and crime, [279].
Memory: [120], [204];
not a complete test of normality, [268], [269].
Mendel: [68];
work on peas, [82].
Mendelian factors and chromosomes: [93];
inheritance and man, [97];
principles, rediscovery of, [68];
ratio, cause of, [71].
Mendelism, [67], [69].
Mental and nervous defects, [228].
Mental defective: defined, [255];
disproportionate increase in, [232];
numbers married, [231], [232];
inefficiency of marriage laws concerning, [315].
Mental deficiency: not always inherited, [248];
tests for, [254], [255].
Mental organization of lower vertebrates, [205].
Mental process as neural process, [195].
Mental unsoundness, [196].
Mentality, inheritance of, [19].
Mentally disordered, cost of caring for, [257], [258].
Mercier, [279].
Merriere’s disease, [117].
Metazoa, [28].
Metz, [41].
Mice, [78].
Michigan, state report on mentally defective, [234].
Migraine, [101].
Mind, relation to brain, [195].
Mitosis: [32], [33];
meaning of, [34], [37].
Mjöen, [171].
Modifiability of behavior, [200], [204], [205], [207], [217], [219], [224], [225], [337].
Mongolians, [248].
Moral responsibility, [227].
Morgan, C. Lloyd, [146], [211].
Morgan, T. H., [59], [66].
Moron, [244], [268].
Morons and crime, [268].
Mosaic, heredity a, [13].

Motherhood, safeguarding, [165].
Motive, training in, [220].
Mott, [150].
Mulattoes, [92].
Multiple sclerosis, [64], [117].
Muscular atrophy: [113];
Gower’s, [65].
Musical ability, [120].
Mutations: artificial production of, [125];
germinal, [125].
Mutilations, non-inheritance of, [134].
Myopia, [64].
Naegeli, [131].
Nam family, [271].
Natural selection partly done away with in human society, [292].
Near-sightedness, [64].
Nervous and mental diseases, [153].
Nervous organization, inheritable, [242].
Nervous response, in lower organisms, [196].
Nervous system: mainly inherited, [210], [216];
establishment of pathways in, [210];
maladjustments of, [231];
special developments in man, [213], [214], [215];
units of, [208].
Nervous systems of anthropoids, [214].
Neural pathways, not all established at birth, [217].
Neuritis optica, [65].
Neurons, [208].
Neuron theory, [208].
Neuropathic constitution, expression of, [241].
Neuropathic defects, carriers of, [253].
Neuter insects, heredity in, [136], [137].
New characters, origin of, [138].
Newman, [56].
Nicloux, [172].
Night-blindness, [65].
Nilsson-Ehle, [88], [89].
Noguchi, [186].
Nucleolus, [31].
Nucleus, structure of, [31].
Nulliplex character, [80], [100].
Obesity, [120], [154].
Offspring: from one parent only, [5];
different from either parent, [12].
Oöcyte, primary, secondary, [44].
Oögenesis, [44].
Oögonia, [44].
Optic nerve, atrophy of, [64].
Organs, formation of, [36].

Origin of sex cells, [12], [36].
Ovaries, transplantation of, [134].
Ovum, [26], [40].
Paralysis, general, [186].
Paranoia, [279].
Parent-body and germ distinct, [12].
Parenthood, cultivation of wholesome sentiment toward, [336].
Paresis: [186];
and crime, [279].
Parthenogenesis, [6].
Patterson, [56].
Paul, [163].
Pearson, [150], [151], [179], [296], [307].
Peas, [68], [82].
Performance tests, [256].
Peron, [133].
Personality determined by heredity, [2], [195].
Peterson, [242].
Phenotype, [86].
Phillips, [134], [135].
Phototropism, [198].
Pinard, [165].
Pineys, the, [271].
Plato, [290].
Poellman, [271].
Polar bodies, [44], [45].
Polydactyly, [108].
Potato-beetle, production of variations in, [125].
Potts, [292].
Predisposition to disease, [148].
Pregnancy, neglect of mothers during, [165].
Prenatal care: [336];
infection, [147];
influence, [11], [159], [162].
Prenuptial medical inspection desirable, [336].
Presence and absence theory: [78];
formulæ for man, [99].
Primrose, experiments on, [125].
Principles, Mendelian, [68].
Prisoners, many mentally subnormal, [266].
Pronucleus, [47].
Protective coloration, not of somatic origin, [135], [136].
Protoplasm, germinal, [39].
Psychical development, [196], [203], [205], [206], [213], [215].
Pyramidal tracts, [214].
Quagga hybrid, [10].
Race amalgamation: [297], [298];
deterioration, in a selected population, [303].
Racial degeneracy, not curable by improved environment alone, [294].

Ratio: the 1:2:1, [73];
the 3:1, [77];
the 9:3:3:1, [85];
the 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1, [87];
the 15:1, [88];
the 63:1, [90].
Rational behavior, [205], [206].
Reason, [206].
Recessiveness: [74];
in man, [115].
Records of family traits desirable, [337].
Reduction division, [41], [42].
Reflexes, [203].
Regression, law of, [17].
Renault, [172].
Rentoul, [232].
Reproduction: asexual, [6], [26];
sexual, [26];
sexual and variation, [139].
Reproductive cells, [27], [28], [29].
Responsibility for conduct, [195].
Rest, importance of, in pregnancy, [165].
Reversion: [7], [8];
and atavism, [8];
in guinea-chicken hybrids, [8].
Rheotropism, [198].
Rheumatism, [154].
Ritter, [143].
Rogers, [246], [272].
Romanes, [133].
Rosanoff, [243].
Rossolimo, [256].
Rudin, [243].
Salpingectomy, [322].
Sanford, [205].
St. Vitus’ dance, [117].
Schulze, [24].
Schuster, [296].
Sclerosis, multiple, [64], [117].
Segregation: in dihybrids, [84];
Mendelian, [69], [70], [75];
of defectives, [318].
Seguin, [256].
Self-control, importance of, [221], [267], [268], [284], [286], [287].
Sex: and chromosomes, [59];
and heredity, [53];
cells of Volvox, [25];
chromosome, [57], [58];
determination, [55];
differentiation and X-element, [60];
evolution of, [25-30];
hygiene, question of school instruction in, [285];
in certain insects, [56];
linked characters, [60], [65];
not a necessary factor in heredity, [6];
problem, knowledge alone not sufficient, [286].
Sexual vice, [284].
Sharp, [322].
Simplex character, [80], [99].
Skill, non-transference in brain, [212], [213].
Skin, color of, [92].

Smallpox, [152].
Social maladies, prevention of, [293].
Softening of the brain, [186].
Soma, [28].
Spermatid, [43].
Spermatocyte, primary, secondary, [43].
Spermatogenesis, [42].
Spermatogonium, [43].
Spermatazoon: [26], [40];
a cell, [22];
formation of, [43];
structure of, [43].
Spindle, in cell-division, [32].
Spottedness of hair-coat, [113].
Sprague, [281], [305].
Starfish, training a, [204].
Statistical methods, [15].
Statistics, trustworthy needed, [334].
Stature, inheritance of, [17].
Stereotropism, [198].
Sterility, [182].
Sterilization: [322];
in epilepsy, [326];
laws, [323];
laws, on trial, [329];
laws, states having, [327].
Stevens, [41].
Stockard, [174-178].
Strength, muscular, [120].
Stripes, reversionary, [8].
Stutzman, [305].
Sullivan, [168].
Superior strains, conservation of, [157].
Synapse, [210].
Synapsis, [41], [42].
Syndactyly, [65], [108], [111].
Syphilis: [184-190];
and prostitutes, [185];
cerebro-spinal form, [189-190];
prenuptial inspection for, [190-192];
prevalence, [186];
stages of, [185];
tests for, [188].
Syphilitics: children of, [187], [188];
married, [190].
Tabes dorsalis, [186].
Taints, [101].
Talent, inheritance of, [212].
Taylor, [297].
Telegony, alleged cases of, [10].
Temperament, inheritance of, [19].
Thermotropism, [198].
Thigmotropism, [198].
Third generation, segregation in, [69].
Thomsen’s disease, [118].
Thomson, [55].
Thorndike, [296].

Tower, [125].
Training of children: and heredity, [218];
faults in, [221], [222].
Transmission, not necessarily inheritance, [163].
Tredgold, [170].
Treponema pallidum, [185].
Tribe of Ishmael, [271].
Tropic responses: often purposeful, [201];
uncertainties in, [202].
Tropisms: [197];
complications in, [200];
in plants and animals, [198];
relations to reflex actions and instincts, [203].
Tschermak, [68].
Tuberculosis, [118], [148-160], [162].
Twins: identical, [55];
sex of, [55].
Typhoid, [152].
Unemployed, frequently morons, [280].
Unfit, elimination of, urgent, [313].
Unit-character: [12];
inheritance of, [13].
Unicellular organisms: [21];
inheritance in, [22], [23].
Use and disuse, [122].
Van Ingen, [167].
Vasectomy, [322].
Venereal disease, [182].
Virchow, [147].
Voison, [133].
Volitions as tropisms, [199].
Volvox, [25], [26], [27].
War, eugenical effects of, [299].
Wasserman, provocative, [189].
Wasserman test, [188], [189].
Webbed digits, [65].
Weeks, [251], [252], [253], [291].
West, [167].
Wheat, [75], [81], [88].
Whetham, [314], [316].
Whitman, [145].
Wilmarth, [243], [245], [274], [291].
Wilson, [59], [62], [94], [95].
Woods, [296].
X-element, [57], [58].
Zebra hybrids, [10].
Zeros, the, [271].
Zygote: [26], [27];
chromosomes of, [40].

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Footnotes:

[1] The reader desiring more detailed information will find fuller discussions in the following:

Wilson, E. B.: Recent Researches on the Determination and Heredity of Sex. Science, January 8, 1909.