Value of Exports of Domestic Produce and Manufactures from England, France, and United States, from 1820 to 1835.
| Years. | France. | England. | United States. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1820 | francs. | 543,100,000 | fr. | 910,600,000 | fr. | 275,400,000 |
| 1821 | 450,700,000 | 917,500,000 | 232,700,000 | |||
| 1822 | 427,600,000 | 925,000,000 | 265,800,000 | |||
| 1823 | 427,100,000 | 890,000,000 | 251,300,000 | |||
| 1824 | 505,800,000 | 960,000,000 | 269,900,000 | |||
| 1825 | 543,800,000 | 972,500,000 | 356,800,000 | |||
| 1826 | 461,000,000 | 787,500,000 | 282,700,000 | |||
| 1827 | 506,800,000 | 930,000,000 | 314,000,000 | |||
| 1828 | 511,200,000 | 920,000,000 | 270,000,000 | |||
| 1829 | 504,200,000 | 895,000,000 | 296,800,000 | |||
| 1830 | 452,900,000 | 955,000,000 | 316,900,000 | |||
| 1831 | 455,500,000 | 930,000,000 | 326,600,000 | |||
| 1832 | 507,400,000 | 921,000,000 | 336,500,000 | |||
| 1833 | 559,400,000 | 992,500,000 | 374,700,000 | |||
| 1834 | 509,300,000 | 1,041,000,000 | 432,100,000 | |||
| 1835 | 577,400,000 | 1,184,200,000 | 539,700,000 | |||
England exports hardly any but manufactured articles. The United States export chiefly raw produce. Raw Cotton forms half of the value of their exports, as manufactured cotton forms about half of those of Great Britain. Agriculture furnishes three fourths or four fifths of the exports of domestic articles from the United States, and manufactures, only one tenth. Above two thirds of the exports of France are manufactures, and nearly one third, agricultural produce.
Note 4—page 36.
Shipping.
Statement of the tonnage belonging to the principal ports of France, England and the United States in 1835.
| Ports. | Tonnage. |
|---|---|
| London | 566,152 |
| New York | 376,697 |
| Boston | 226,041 |
| Newcastle | 208,100 |
| Liverpool | 207,833 |
| Sunderland | 132,070 |
| Philadelphia | 86,445 |
| New Orleans | 79,467 |
| New Bedford | 76,533 |
| Whitehaven | 65,878 |
| Hull | 63,524 |
| Bordeaux | 69,690 |
| Marseilles | 68,314 |
| Havre | 68,070 |
| Portland (U. S.) | 57,666 |
| Baltimore | 54,416 |
| Nantes | 51,528 |
| Bristol | 42,913 |
To render the comparison exact, it would be necessary to deduct one fourth from the French tonnage, in order to allow for the different modes of measurement. The French method is mathematically more correct, but it lays our vessels under the disadvantage of being obliged to pay heavier tonnage dues; but a law of 1836 has authorised the government to make a change in this respect.
Out of 1,824,000 tons of shipping entered and cleared at the French ports in 1835, only 31 per cent. was French shipping; out of 5,025,000 tons entered and cleared at the British ports, 75 per cent. was of English vessels. In the United States, from 1817 to 1830, foreign shipping formed less than 15 per cent. of the vessels in the foreign trade; in 1831, it was 26 per cent., and in 1832, 30 per cent., leaving 70 per cent. for the American shipping.