Peru: a land of contrast

by Millicent Todd Bingham

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [Y], [Z]

Achachibas (piles of stones), [222].
Acllahuasi (convent of Sun-Virgins), [207].
Acosta, [48], [80], [174], [179], [226], [229], [242], [280], [303].
Agassiz, L., [5], [304].
Aguarunas, [289], [291], [292].
Alameda (Lima), [106], [107];
(La Paz), [163].
Almagro, Diego de, [73], [89].
Alpacas, [54], [157], [226].
See llamas, huanacus, vicuñas.
Amahuacas, [290].
Amautas (wise men), See Incas.
Amazon, [5], [6], [10], [123], [124], [141], [233], [236], [237], [245-248], [304].
See jungle.
Amazons, [236-237].
Amiel, [61].
Andalusia, New, [84].
Andes, [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [15], [30], [36], [43], [53], [59], [60], [123], [134], [175], [247], [248], [301], [302];
animals of, [155-158];
birds of, [168];
dangers of, [147-149];
description of, [143-148];
lakes of, [166-167];
light in, [149-150];
mines of, [152-154];
storm in, [150-151];
valleys of, [165], [240-246], [265].
See condor, cordillera, Incas, Indians, mines, puna, valleys.
Andenes (terraces), [183].
Antarctic, See ocean, Pacific.
Ant-eater, [56], [263], [272].
Antis, [197].
Aqueducts, See irrigation.
Argentina, [121].
Arianza, Juan de, [92].
Arica, [78].
Armada, [91].
Armadillo, [263], [272].
Armatambo, [104].
Atahualpa, [67], [69-71], [77], [136], [188], [215].
Atlantic, See ocean.
Auto de fe, See Inquisition.
Aztlan, [113].
Badeor, Federico, [79].
Balboa, [40], [300], [301].
Balsa (boat of reeds), [41], [48], [168], [234].
Bandelier, A. F., [234], [299].
Bats, [47], [243], [273].
Betanzos, [176].
Bezoar stone, [225].
Bingham, Hiram, [161], [299].
Bolivia, [265].
See Tiahuanacu.
Borax, [32].
Bougainvillea, [35], [57], [59], [125].
Boussingault, [251].
Brazil, [229], [304].
Brehm, [264], [281], [304].
Bridges, swinging, [123], [165], [185].
Brittany, [81], [164], [265].
Buccaneers, [81], [236].
See El Dorado, freebooters, pirates.
Buenos Aires, [85].
Bull-fights, [7], [16], [87], [139].
Butterflies, [59], [65], [121], [125], [261], [273-279].
Cacafuego, [82].
Cacique (chieftain), [196], [199], [235].
Cajamarca, [69], [71], [186].
Cajamarquilla, [104].
Calancha, [50], [300].
See Chimus.
Callao, [15], [85], [86], [100], [101].
Camarones (crayfish), [121].
Candia, Pedro de, [68].
Cantut (flower of Incas), [172], [200].
Caras, [197].
Carbunculo (mythical animal), [273].
Carnac, [164].
Carranza, Angela, [93].
Carvajal, [74].
Casma, [27].
Cavillaca, [44].
Cazuela (soup), [24], [109].
Cecropia, [281], [283].
Cerro de Pasco, [153].
Chancas, [199].
Chanchan, See Chimus.
Chachapoyas, [198].
Chasca, See Dawn.
Chasqui (runners), [184].
See Sun, messengers of the.
Cheireoque (bird), [129].
Chibchas, [197].
Chicha (beverage), [45], [69], [171], [180], [207], [210], [212], [222].
Chile, [54], [89], [121], [129], [197].
Chimus, [47-52], [186], [300].
Chincha Islands, See guano.
Chinchaycocha, Lake of, [166].
Chinchilla, [4], [24], [155].
Chirimoya (fruit), [53], [57].
Chorillos, [103].
Chulpas (towers of the dead), [184].
Churches, [21], [78], [87-88], [97], [99], [100], [111], [112], [138], [215].
See convents, Dominicus, Franciscans, Indians, Inquisition, Jesuits, Lima, Santa Rosa, Spain.
Cinchona (quinine), [6], [251], [303].
Ciruelas (fruit), [23], [62].
Civilizations, ancient, See Indian races.
Coal, [7], [168].
Coast, aborigines of, [37];
birds of, see ocean;
characteristics of, [3], [4], [16-18];
climate of, [29-30];
geology of, [15], [20], [40], see earthquake;
inhabitants of, [15-16];
towns of, [21-24].
See desert.
Coati, [172].
Coca (cocaine), [6], [93], [181], [207], [212], [224].
Columbus, [76], [233].
Con, [30], [175], [177], [178].
Condamine, [236], [303].
Condor, [6], [140], [144], [157-158], [160], [199], [210].
Condorcanqui, See Tupac Amaru.
Coniapuyara, [236].
Combos, [287].
Conquerors, See Spaniards.
Conquest, Spanish, bibliography of, [302-303].
Convents, closed, [114-119];
open, [113-114], see Franciscans;
of Sun-Virgins, see Sun, Virgins of the.
Cordillera, [4], [72], [77], [103], [131], [227], [303].
See Andes.
Corequenque (bird), [190].
Coricancha, See Sun, temples of the.
Cotton, [6], [32], [35], [43], [52].
Coya (wife of Inca), [204], [207].
Coyaraymi (marriage-day), [207].
Cuculis (desert doves), [122].
Cueca (dance), [58].
Cuntisuyu, [186].
Curacas (governors), [211], [212].
Cushma (garment), [237].
Cusicuari, [290].
Cuzco, [67], [166], [174], [178], [179], [182], [184], [196], [197], [199], [200], [204], [206], [210], [217], [220], [223].
Darwin, [169], [254], [303].
Dawn (Chasca), [203], [205];
lodgings of the, [178].
Desert, [3], [4], [5], [25-26];
aborigines of, [37];
climate of, [29-30], see garuas;
emptiness of, [30];
legends of, [36];
lifelessness of, [30-31];
phenomena of, [26-29];
character of, [32];
rivers of, see rivers;
ruins of, [35];
showers in, [31];
valleys of, see valleys;
vultures of, see gallinazos.
Desaguadero, [169].
Dominicus (Santo Domingo), [88], [116], [117], [223].
Drake, Francis, [82], [302].
Dürer, Albrecht, [77].
Earthquake, [4], [15], [27-29], [41], [44], [55], [63], [67], [99-102].
Ecuador, [71], [197].
El Dorado, [85], [234-236].
Elizabeth, Queen, [82].
Elmo, fire of Saint, [167].
Enciza, [270].
Encomienda (tax), [91].
Escandalosa (bush), [62].
Eten, [49].
Falb, Rudolf, [163], [301].
Fierro, Pancho, [130].
Fish-worship, [40], [41], [44], [51].
See Chimus.
Fishes’ eyes, [17].
Franciscans, [21], [105], [107-109], [139], [153].
Freebooters, [20], [82].
See El Dorado, buccaneers, pirates.
Gallinazos (vultures), [21], [32], [43].
Garuas (mists), [30], [105].
See desert, climate of the.
Gold and silver, [9], [27], [51], [56], [64-66], [68], [71], [76-83], [84], [90], [152-155], [171], [182], [193], [199], [204-207].
See Incas, Spaniards, Sun, Treasure.
Golden Hynde, [81], [82].
Granadilla (fruit of passion-flower), [240].
Guano, [19-20], [27], [56], [76].
Guavas, [24], [57], [61], [62], [125], [133].
Guayabas (fruit), [23].
Guayaquil, [85].
Guatavitá, [234], [235].
Guenelette, [9], [244].
Hassel, Georg von, [233].
Heads, reduced, [289-290].
Heredia, José-Maria de, [9].
Huaca cachu (plant of the grave), [222].
Huacas (grave mounds), [290].
Huacho, salt lakes of, [32].
Huacos (objects in huacas), [73], [126-129].
Huadca, [104].
Hualpa, [153].
Huanacus (wild llama), [157].
Huancayo, [153].
Huayna Ccapac, [66], [166], [209].
See Incas.
Huerequeque (bird), [22].
Huguenot hermit, [104].
Huira Capcha, [153].
Humboldt, A. von, [81], [161], [169], [184], [185], [235], [303].
Humming-birds, [57], [65], [132], [146], [160], [172], [243], [263-267], [270].
Iguana, [35], [240].
Incas, aeroplane named for, [139];
amautas, [163], [215];
analogies to other races, [301-302];
arms of, [205];
books about, [300-301];
bridges of, [185];
boundaries of, [20];
campaigns of, [40], [49], [195-197];
at Chanchan, [47], [49], [51];
chinchillas valued by, [155];
clothes of, [189], [207];
coca, divine plant of, [181];
conquest of, foretold, [66-67];
contemporaries of, [37];
court of, [199];
description of, [70], [160];
in desert, [39], [47];
distinctive marks of, [189-191];
divinity of, [188-189];
dramas of, [136];
empire of, [197-199];
festivals of, [208], [210-213];
flute of, [135];
gold of, [7], [64-65], [76];
human sacrifices of, [211];
irrigation works of, [186];
in jungle, [231-232], [285];
last of, [214-221];
laws of, [19], [193-194];
llamas worshipped by, [157];
male title, [205];
mercury, a mystery to, [152];
messengers of the, [192];
myths of, [175-179];
Nature, teacher of, [183];
origin of, [178-179];
Pachacamac spared by, [41], [42];
attitude toward Pachacamac, [177];
pageants of, [163];
passion-flower carried by, [58];
pleasure gardens of, [165];
pleasure houses of, [185];
predecessors of, [160-162];
rainbow emblem of, [206], [298];
roads of, [36], [40], [184-185];
subjects of, [66], [191-193];
Sun, god of, [34], [42], [176], [282];
thunderbolt in palace of, [67];
Titicaca, Island of, [170-173];
tribute to, [192-195];
vicuña fur worn by, [24], [156];
worshipped by Indians, [174].
See Atahualpa, Huayna Ccapac, Manco Ccapac, Sayri Tupac, Tupac Amaru, Uiracocha, Yupanqui, also gold and silver, and Sun.
Inca Rocca, [231].
Indians, characteristics of, [221-224];
called Children of Israel, [93];
Christianity of, [223-224];
near Eten, [49];
saying about God of, [28];
horses terrify, [72];
lift chain of Huayna Ccapac, [166];
Incas’ attitude toward, [195];
Incas’ buildings benefit, [187];

punishment of, [192];
death of Incas witnessed by, [217-219];
Incas worshipped by, [174];
of jungle, [283-292];
language of, see Quichua;
legends of, [36], [174-181], [244];
the llama, an interpretation of, [225-227];
melancholy of, [135];
mines of, [153-154];
mothers of, [112];
music of, see yaravís;
poverty of, [8];
prehistoric races of, [3], [17], [19], [32], [36], [38], [42], [52], [55], [122], [146], [160], [161], [187];
reed vessels of, see balsa;
revolts of, [215-216], [220-221];
Sachsahuaman built by, [201];
attitude toward Spaniards, [72], [214];
Spaniards copy, [83];
first encounters with Spaniards, [68-71];
Spaniards’ treatment of, [89-91];
cure surumpe, [149];
treasure concealed by, [80];
vicuña hunts of, [156];
warriors, [86];
yaravís, [134].
See Aguarunas, Chancas, Chachapoyas, Chimus, Incas, Inje-injes, Muratos, Nahumedes, Yuncas.
Indies, [73], [77], [79], [80], [81].
Inje-injes, [239], [292].
Inquisition, [91-99], [104], [302], [303].
Inti (Sun), [42], [203].
See Sun.
Inti-cancha (Cori-cancha), [66], [204], [206].
See Sun, temples of the.
Iquitos, [123], [125].
Irrigation, ancient systems of, [50], [52], [55], [89], [101], [103], [104], [161], [183], [186-187], [192], [193].
Isles, of Pearls, [89];
of Solomon, [85].
Islay, Pampa of, [32].
Jaguars, [68], [129], [194], [198], [199], [210], [234], [235], [243], [244-245], [284].
Jalca (table-land), [3].
See puna.
Jauja, [71].
Jesuits, [72], [111], [237].
See San Pedro, churches.
Jivaros, [290].
Juan Fernandez, Islands of, [121].
Jungle, a land of adventure, [231-239];
Amazon basin, [246-249];
animals of, [271-273], [280-282];
appearance of, from above, [239];
approach to, from Andes, [240-246];
birds of, [241];
butterflies of, [273-279];
characteristics of, [3-6], [10];
color of, [261];
Columbus in, [233-234];
present conditions in, [238];
gloom of, [259];
heat in, [259];
humming-birds of, [263-267];
Incas defied by, [197];
Incas in, [231-232];
insects of, [262], [270-271];
legends of, [244-246];
lianas of, [251];
rhythmic life of, [258];
loam from, [183];
Jesuits in, [237-238];
orchids of, [253-255];
paradoxes of, [292-295];
parasites of, [253];
largest part of Peru, [3];
perfume of, [269-270];
rain in, [29], [248-249];
savages of the, [10], [18], [283-292];
no seasons in, [258-259];
silence of day in, [268];
night sounds in, [270-271];
Spaniards in, [234-236];
trees of, [57], [250-251];
vegetation in, [250-259];
warfare of vegetation in, [255-257].
La Paz, [163].
Lea, H. C., [95], [303].
See Inquisition.
Leon, Cieza de, [65], [185], [300].
Lima, [84-140];
Alameda, [107];
bells, city of, [110-113];
bishop of, [93];
books about, [304];
churches of, [87-88];
climate of, [104-105];
City of Kings, [3], [86], [90], [99], [214];
collections in, [125-126];
composer of national opera in, [133-138];
contrasts in, [138-140];
convents of, [107-109], [113-120];
destruction of, in 1746, [99-102];
dinner party in, [121-125];
galleons of, [77];
Geographical Society of, [237], [304];
reduced heads exhibited in, [290];
Incas in, [215];
Inquisition in, [91-99];
lady of seventeenth century in, [106-107];
national librarian in, [129-132];
market of, [139];
milk-women of, [140];
Paséo Colón, [140];
Spanish splendor of, [7], [84], [85], [86], see gold and silver;
surroundings of, [103-105];
university in, [140].
See Spaniards.
Lisle, Lord, [79].
Llamas, prehistoric carvings of, [55];
drove of, [58];
Christian
sacrifice of, [223];
Incas’ sacrifice of, [207], [211];
Incas’ talismans, [222];
Incas’ use of, [160];
Incas’ worship of, [157];
an interpretation of Indians, [224-227];
in Lima, [140];
ransom of Atahualpa, [71].
See vicuñas.
Llautu (fringe of Inca), [190], [207].
See Incas, clothes of.
Lopez, Francisco, [65].
Loti, Pierre, [1].
Loveday, G., [79].
Lurin, [43], [47].
Macas, [290].
Mamacunas, See Sun, Virgins of the.
Mama Ocllo, [179].
Mamayacu (mother of waters), [245], [259-261].
Madera, [233].
Madre de Díos, [231].
Maguey (plant), [242-243].
Manco Ccapac, [174], [176], [178], [179], [189], [233].
See Incas, Sun.
Manoa, [236].
Mantas (head-shawls), [22], [108].
Markham, Sir Clements, [300], [301].
Marmontel, [9].
Marmoset, [249].
Mastodon, [38], [169], [263].
Maui, [37].
Médanos (sand-dunes), [33-35].
Megalithic ruins, See Tiahuanacu, Sachsahuaman.
Mercury, [144], [152].
Mexico, [128], [154].
Middendorf, [96], [236], [299], [300].
Mines, [5], [6], [7], [10], [27], [39], [90], [91], [152-155].
See gold and silver.
Mirage, [26], [57], [147].
Mishagua, [232].
Mita (tax), [91].
Mochica, [49].
See Chimus.
Monkeys, [9], [45], [242], [288].
Monuments, See ruins.
Moon, (Si), (Quilla), [34], [47], [49], [50], [67], [72], [172], [203-205], [212].
Morgado, Alonzo, [79].
Mother of Waters, See mamayacu.
Mountains, See Andes.
Mountain-sickness, See soroche.
Mummies, [42], [44-46], [125], [204].
Muratos, [237].
Mutayces, [233].
Myths, [36], [174-181].
Nahumedes, [237].
Negro, Rio, [290].
Nitrate, [27], [32], [54], [56], [61], [62], [77].
Ocean, Atlantic, [29], [168], [238], [248].
Pacific, [15], [44], [158];
Antarctic current of, [30];
argosies on, [77-78];
birds of, [16-20], [28], [56], [247];
influence of, on climate, [30], [105];
islands of, [121], [265];
pirates on, [81-83];
maker of terraces, [183];
tidal waves, [29], [100];
winds of, [33];
worship of as Ni, [48].
Ollanta, [133], [136], [137].
Orchids, [253-255].
Orcos, Lake of, [166-167].
Ore, Geronimo de, [177].
Orellana, [236].
Organista (bird), [249].
Orinoco, [233], [236], [290].
Pacay (fruit), [23], [57].
Paccari-tampu, [178], [179].
Pachacamac, [40-47], [48], [148], [174], [177], [178], [214], [218], [299].
Paichi (fish), [247].
Palma, Ricardo, [129-132], [303], [304].
Palta (alligator-pear), [57], [122], [198].
Paraguay, [107], [237].
Parrots, [45], [185], [240-241].
Passion-flower, [50], [58], [113], [128].
See granadilla.
Pastasa, [237].
Patagonia, [37], [62], [265].
Paucartampu, [231].
Paul III, [95].
Paytiti, [233].
Peccaries, [248], [288].
Pedro, San, [111], [112].
See Jesuits.
Petroleum, [32].
Philae, [164].
Philip II, [24], [92], [216], [217].
Pica, [53-63].
Picante (sauce), [23], [60].
Pirates, [76], [81-83].
See buccaneers, freebooters, El Dorado.
Pisco, Candelabrum of, [20-21].
Pizarro, Francisco, [69], [70], [73], [140].
Gonzalo, [89], [236].
Hernando, [41].
Plague, bubonic, [21].
Plata, Duque de la, [86].
Pliny, [152].
Poncho (cloak), [57], [221].
Poopo, Lake of, [169].
Potosí, [78], [154].
Prescott, [302].
Prios, [287].
Puma, [45], [171], [194], [243].
Puna (table-land), [3], [4], [31], [137], [146-147], [150-151], [156], [184], [227], [247].
See Andes.
Quebradas (gorges), [165].
Quena (flute), [131], [135], [224].
Quichua (language of Indians), [134], [175], [176], [221], [301].
Quick-silver, See mercury.
Quinine, See cinchona.
Quipus (system of knots), [69], [156], [160], [191], [302].
Quito, [303].
Races, See Indians.
Rainbow, (cuychi), [159], [191], [206], [296-298];
lunar, [60].
Raleigh, [76], [236].
Rig-Veda, [202].
Rimac, [66], [103], [104].
Rivers, buried, [4], [31], [54], [55].
See irrigation, valleys.
Rosa, Santa, [47], [102], [114-120].
Rubber, [6], [10], [238].
Ruins, [10], [35], [42], [43], [46], [51], [104], [160], [161], [162-164], [182-187], [299].
See Chanchan, Pachacamac, Sachsahuaman, Tiahuanacu.
Sachsahuaman, [179], [200-201], [208], [223].
Salcamayhua, [175].
San Benito, (mantle), [98].
Sayri Tupac, [214], [215].
Seals, [18], [37].
Seville, [79].
Shelley, [13].
Shore, See coast.
Silver and gold, See gold and silver, mines.
Sloth, [263], [273], [280-282].
Soroche (mountain-sickness), [72], [148].
Soto, Hernando de, [69].
South Sea Islands, [164].
Southey, Robert, [85], [302], [304].
Spain, [74];
cost to, of El Dorado, [85];
gold, a curse to, [76-83];
Inquisition in, [95];
missionaries of, [8], [50];
Peru as near unto heaven as, [9];
vicuña garments taken to, [24], [189].
See Andalusia, Seville, viceroys.
Spaniards, Arab blood of, [7-8];
arrival of, [68-73];
conquerors, [24], [49], [72], [76];
coca spoken of by, [181];
coming foreshadowed, [66-67];
greed of, [160];
at Guatavitá, [235];
Incas as treated by, [214-221];
Inca empire destroyed by, [198];
Indians as treated by, [89-91], [220], [221];
in jungle, [236];
mines of, [154], see mines;
pirates harass, [82];
rainbow a symbol to, [298];
treasure sought by, [79], [167], [171];
viceroy served by, [85].
See Almagro, Candia, Carvajal, cinchona, gold and silver, Indians, Orellana, Philip II, Pisco, Pizarro, Plata, Soto.
Spenser, [141], [273].
Squier, E. G., [200], [299].
State Papers, Calendar of, [82], [302].
Stonehenge, [164].
Stübel, Alfons, [63],

[304].
Sugar, [6], [35], [43], [131], [143].
Sun, (Inti), arms of the, [72];
blood of the, [300];
body of the, [72];
Children of the, [9], [145], [179], [200], [211], [223];
City of the, [72];
cliff sacred to, [171];
daughter of the, [136];
empire of the, [198], [207];
Father of Incas, [68], [131], [170], [174], [188], [195];
festivals of the, [207-213];
flocks of the, [170], [175];
gold belonged to, [66], [77];
god of Incas, [34], [39], [42], [159], [176], [193], [203], [282];
Incas doubt divinity of, [209-210];
labor given the, [194];
land of the, [34], [203], [296];
messengers of the, [185], [205], [208];
parentage of the, [175];
priests of the, [41], [206];
ritual, [40];
sacrifices to the, [211-212];
service of the, [202-213];
Setting of the, [70];
temples of the, [40-42], [66], [89], [174], [196], [204-206], [223], [298];
Virgins of the, [40], [41], [43], [172], [184], [189], [207], [212];
worship of the, [41], [43], [49], [175], [178], [198], [223], [285], [301], [302].
See gold and silver.
Surumpe (snow-blindness), [149].
Tamarugo (tree), [54].
Tambo (inn), [185].
Tambo de Mora, [36].
Tapir, [248], [272].
Tarapacá, [54], [55], [56].
Thunder and lightning, [4], [29], [67], [71], [105], [205], [212].
Tiahuanacu, [162-164], [176], [200], [299].
Titicaca, Lake, [167-173], [179].
Toribio, Santo, [102].
Torture, See Inquisition.
Totora (reed), [168].
Treasure, buried, [36], [42], [49], [51], [71], [73], [81], [83];
buried in lakes, [66], [80], [166-167], [171], [235];
of churches, [88], [99];
fleets of, [9], [76-83], [302];
in Luna, [84].
See gold and silver.
Tschudi, Juan de, [80], [211], [299].
Tuaregs, [27].
Tumpinambaranas, [233].
Tundoy, or tunduli (drum), [291].
Tupac Amaru, [216], [217];
Condorcanqui, called, [220], [221].
Uiracocha, Con Tici, [164], [175];
god of all Quichua-speaking people, [176];
Huayna Ccapac speaks of, [66];
identified with Pachacamac, [41], [174];
identities of, [175-176];
Incas produced by, [179];
Son of Sun, [178];
Spaniards called after, [71-72], [220];
in Tarapacá, [55].
Ulloa, [236], [303].
Uzaque (chieftain), [234].
Valleys, of desert, [3], [6], [35], [39], [40], [43], [47], [48], [53], [57], [103-105], see Pica;
of mountains, [6], [144], [147], [165], [166], [197], [198], [215], [224];
of jungle, [240-244], [246], see Amazon.
See rivers.
Vega, Garcilasso de la, [37], [89], [171], [185], [186], [194], [214], [215], [216], [300-301].
Veragua, [265].
Viceroys, [85-87], [96-98], [102], [117], [139].
Vicuñas, [24], [149], [153], [155-156], [189], [207].
See llamas.
Viscachas (animal), [147], [155].
Yaravis (music of Indians), [134].
Yareta (moss), [225].
Ychu (grass), [225].
Yucay, [165], [170], [215].
Yuncas, [38], [39], [51], [126], [128], [282].
See Chimus.
Yupanqui, Tupac Inca, [41], [49], [162], [186], [198], [209], [231].
Zarate, [184].
Zerda, [235].

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