The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise / Its Habitat and its Time of Growth

by Miron Elisha Hard

Serve a sauce of lemon juice, a little melted butter, salt and red pepper with fried mushrooms.

Stewed Mushrooms.—Stewed mushrooms after the following recipe make one of the most delicious of breakfast dishes: It is not necessary to use large mushrooms for stewing—small button ones will do. Take the mushrooms left in the basket after having selected those for broiling, and also use the stems cut from the mushrooms prepared for boiling. After cleaning and skinning them put them in cold water with a little vinegar, and let them stand half an hour. If you have a quart of mushrooms, put a tablespoonful of nice fresh butter in a stewpan and stand it on the stove. When the butter begins to bubble drop the mushrooms in the pan, and after they have cooked a minute season them well with salt and black pepper. Now take hold of the handle of the stewpan and, while the mushrooms are gently and slowly cooking, shake the pan almost constantly to keep the butter from getting brown and the mushrooms from sticking. After they have cooked eight minutes pour in enough rich, sweet cream to cover the mushrooms to the depth of half an inch, and let them cook about eight or ten minutes longer. Serve them in a very hot vegetable dish. Do not thicken the cream with flour or with anything. Just cook them in this simple way. You will find them perfect.

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GLOSSARY.

• Abortive, imperfectly developed.
• Aberrant, deviating from a type.
• Acicular, needle-shaped.
• Aculeate, slender pointed.
• Acuminate, terminating in a point.
• Acute, sharp pointed.
• Adnate, gills squarely and firmly attached to the stem.
• Adnexed, gills just reaching the stem.
• Adhesion, union of different organs or tissues.
• Adpressed, pressed into close contact, as applied to the gills.
• Agglutinated, glued to the surface.
• Alveolate, honey-combed.
• Alutaceous, having the color of tanned leather.
• Anastomosing, branching, joining of one vein with another.
• Annual, completing growth in one year.
• Annular, ring-shaped.
• Annulate, having a ring.
• Annulus, the ring around the stem of a mushroom.
• Apex, in mushrooms the extremity of the stem next to the gills.
• Apical, close to the apex.
• Apiculate, terminating in a small point.
• Appendiculate, hanging in small fragments.
• Applanate, flattened out or horizontally expanded.
• Arachnoid, cobweb-like.
• Arculate, bow-shaped.
• Areolate, pitted, net-like.
• Ascus, spore case of certain mushrooms.
• Ascomycetes, a group of fungi in which the spores are produced in sacs.
• Ascospore, hymenium or sporophore bearing an ascus or asci.
• Atomate, sprinkled with atoms or minute particles.
• Atro (ater, black), in composition "black" or "dark."
• Atropurpureous, dark purple (purpura, purple).
• Aurantiaceous, orange-colored (aurantium, an orange).
• Aureous, golden-yellow.
• Auriculate, ear-shaped.
• Azonate, without zones or circular bands.

• Badious, bay, chestnut-color, or reddish-brown.
• Basidium (pl. basidia), an enlarged cell on which spores are borne.
• Basidiomycetes, the group of fungi that have spores borne on a basidium.
• Bifid, cleft or divided into two parts.
• Booted, applied to the stem of mushrooms when inclosed in a volva.
• Boss, a knob or short rounded protuberance.
• Bossed, furnished with a boss or knob, bulbate.
• Byssus, a fine filamentous mass.

• Cæspitose, growing in tufts.
• Calyptra, applied to the portion of volva covering the pileus.
• Campanulate, bell-shaped.
• Cap, the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of a common mushroom.
• Capillitium, spore-bearing threads, often much branched, found in puffballs.
• Carnose, flesh-color.
• Cartilaginous, hard and tough.
• Castaneous, chestnut-color.
• Ceraceous, wax-like.
• Cerebriform, brain-shaped.
• Cespitose, growing in tufts.
• Cilia, marginal hair-like processes.
• Ciliate, fringed with hair-like processes.
• Cinereous, light bluish gray or ash gray.
• Circumscissile, breaking at or near the middle on equatorial line.
• Circinate, rounded.
• Clavate, club-shaped, gradually thickened upward.
• Columella, a sterile tissue rising column-like in the midst of the Capillitium.
• Concrete, grown together.
• Continuous, without a break, one part running into another.
• Cordate, heart-shaped.
• Coriaceous, of a leathery or a cork-like texture.
• Cortex, outer or rind-like layer.
• Cortina, the web-like veil of the genus Cortinarius.
• Cortinate, with a cortina.
• Costate, with a ridge or ridges.
• Crenate, notched, indented or escalloped at the edge.
• Cryptogamia, applied to the division of non-flowering plants.
• Cyathiform, cup-shaped.
• Cyst, a bladder-like cell or cavity.
• Cystidium (pl. cystidia), sterile cells of the hymenium, bladder-like.

• Deciduous, of leaves falling off.
• Decurrent, as when the gills of a mushroom are prolonged down the stem.
• Dehiscent, a closed organ opening of itself at maturity.
• Deliquescent, melting down, becoming liquid.
• Dendroid, shaped like a tree.
• Dentate, toothed.
• Denticulate, with small teeth.
• Dichotomous, paired, regularly forked.
• Dimidiate, halved, applied to gills not entire.
• Disc (disk), the hymenial surface, usually cup-shaped.
• Discomycetes, Ascomycetes with the hymenium exposed.
• Dissepiments, dividing walls.
• Distant, applied to gills which are not close.
• Discrete, distinct, not divided.

• Echinate, furnished with stiff bristles.
• Effused, spread over without regular form.
• Emarginate, when the gills are notched or scooped out at junction with stem.
• Ephemeral, lasting but a short time.
• Epidermis, the external or outer layer of the plant.
• Epiphytal, growing upon another plant.
• Eccentric, out of the center; stem not attached to center of pileus.
• Exoperidium, outer layer of the peridium.
• Exotic, foreign.
• Explanate, flattened or expanded.

• Farinaceous, mealy.
• Farinose, covered with a mealy powder.
• Falcate, hooked or curved like a scythe.
• Fasciculate, growing in bundles.
• Fastigiate, bundled together with a sheath.
• Ferruginous, rust-colored.
• Fibrillose, clothed with small fibers.
• Fibrous, composed of fibers.
• Filiform, thread-like.
• Fimbriated, fringed.
• Fissile, capable of being split.
• Fistular, fistulose, with the stem hollow or becoming hollow.
• Flabelliform, fan-shaped.
• Flaccid, soft and flabby.
• Flavescent, turning yellow.
• Flexuose, wavy.
• Flocci, threads as of mold.
• Floccose, downy.
• Flocculose, covered with flocci.
• Free, said of gills not attached to the stem.
• Friable, easily crumbling.
• Fugacious, disappearing quickly.
• Fuliginous, sooty-brown or dark smoke-color.
• Furcate, forked.
• Furfuraceous, with bran-like scales or scurf.
• Fuscous, dingy, brownish or brown tinged with gray.
• Fusiform, spindle-shaped.