[1] See Mr. J. A. Froude’s article in ‘Fraser’s Magazine,’ Feb. 1878, ‘Origen and Celsus.’
[2] Mr. W. W. Lloyd’s ‘Age of Pericles,’ vol. ii. p. 202.
[3] Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the R. A. S., 1865–6: Art. on ‘Demonology and Witchcraft in Ceylon,’ by Dundris de Silva Gooneratne Modliar.
[4] Euripides, ‘Medea,’ 574.
[5] ‘Paradise Lost,’ x. 860.
[6] Herodotus, ‘Clio,’ 7–14, 91.
[7] ‘Expression of the Emotions.’ By Charles Darwin. London: Murray, 1872. Chapter IV.
[8] The giving of Eve’s name to Noah’s wife is not the only significant thing about this Russian tradition and its picture. Long-bearded devils are nowhere normal except in the representations by the Eastern Church of the monarch of Hell. By referring to p. 253 of this volume the reader will observe the influences which caused the infernal king to be represented as counterpart of the Deity. As this tradition about Noah’s wife is suggestive of a Gnostic origin, it really looks as if the Devil in it were meant to act the part which the Gnostics ascribed to Jehovah himself (vol. ii. p. 207). The Devil is said in rabbinical legends to have seduced the wives of Noah’s sons; this legend seems to show that his aim was to populate the post-diluvial world entirely with his own progeny, in this being an Ildabaoth, or degraded edition of Jehovah trying to establish his own family in the earth by the various means related in vol. i. chap. 8.
[9] ‘Nischamath Chajim,’ fol. 139, col. 2.