Welsh, Charles.—The Early History of Children’s Books in New England. New England Mag., n.s. 20:147–60 (April, 1899).
Yonge, Charlotte M.—Children’s Literature of the Last Century. Liv. Age, 102:373 (Aug. 7, 1869); 612 (Sept. 4, 1869); 103:96 (Oct. 9, 1869).
FOOTNOTES
[15] In “The Child and His Book,” by Mrs. E. M. Field (London: Wells Gardner, Darton & Co., 1892), the reader is referred to chapters: Before the Norman Conquest; Books from the Conquest to Caxton; The Child in England, 1066–1640. Her researches form an invaluable contribution to the history of children’s books, furnishing sources for considerable speculation. Much is included of interest to the antiquarian only.
[16] Thomas Newbery was the author. Vide Fugitive Tracts, 1875. Hazlitt and Huth.
[17] As early as 1262, the macaronic style of delivering sermons was customary. The gradual substitution of the vernacular for Latin is dealt with in the introduction to the present author’s edition of “Everyman,” 1903, xxvii.
[18] Chap = An abbreviation of Chapman, which seems to have come into vulgar use in the end of the 16th c.; but it is rare in books, even in the dramatists, before 1700. It was not recognised by Johnson. 1577 Breton Toyes Idle Head (Grosart). Those crusty chaps I cannot love. a. A buyer, purchaser, customer.
Chap-book = f. chap in Chapman + Book. A modern name applied by book collectors and others to specimens of the popular literature which was formerly circulated by itinerant dealers or chapmen, consisting chiefly of small pamphlets of popular tales, etc. 1824 Dibdin Libr. Comp. It is a chap-book, printed in rather neat black letter. 1882 J. Ashton Chap-books, 18th Century in Athenæum 2 Sept. 302/1. A great mass of chap-books.
Chapman = [OE. Céapmann = OHG. Choufman (OHG., MHG. Koufman), Ger. Kaufmann.] A man whose business is buying and selling; a merchant, trader, dealer. Vide 890 K. Ælfred Bæda. Vide further, A New English Dictionary. Murray, Oxford.
[19] “The History of Tom Hickathrift” is regarded as distinctively English; its literary qualities were likened by Thackeray to Fielding. Vide Fraser’s Magazine.