[851] Article 'Izdubar,' col. 776; see Delitzsch, Handwörterbuch, p. 678. Hommel (e.g., Altisraelitische Ueberlieferung, p. 39) regards Gilgamesh as a contraction from Gibil (the fire-god) and Gam (or Gab), together with ish, an 'Elamitic' ending. If the name is Elamitic, one should hardly expect a Babylonian deity entering as one of the elements.

[852] See above, p. [167].

[853] See above, p. [284].

[854] Haupt's Das Babylonische Nimrodepos, p. 93.

[855] Lit., 'he who is applied to for giving a decision.'

[856] Ta-par-ra-as.

[857] Das Babylonische Nimrodepos (Leipzig, 1884-91). This edition includes all but the twelfth tablet, which was published by Haupt in the Beiträge zur Assyriologie, i. 48-79. For other publications of Haupt on the Gilgamesh epic, see the Bibliography, § 6. The identification with the Biblical Nimrod is now definitely abandoned by scholars, though the picture drawn of Nimrod is influenced by the traditions regarding Gilgamesh. See p. [515].

[858] The best general work on the epic (based on Haupt's edition) is A. Jeremias' Izdubar-Nimrod (Leipzig, 1891), a reprint with additions, of his article on 'Izdubar' in Roscher's Ausführliches Lexicon der Griechischen und Römischen Mythologie ii.

[859] Vorgeschichte der Indo-Europaer, p. 112.

[860] The words for 'city' in the Semitic languages embody this idea.