Oppert, J.—Origines Communes de la Chronologie Cosmogonique des Chaldéens el des Dates de la Genèse. APC, 6th series, XIII. 237-240.
Palmer, A. S.—Babylonian Influence on the Bible and Popular Beliefs. Têhôm and Tiâmat, Hades and Satan: a Comparative Study of Genesis, i., ii. (London 1897.)
Robiou, F.—L'État Religieux de la Grèce et de l'Orient au Siècle d'Alexandre ... II. Les Regions Syro-Babyloniens et l'Eran. (Paris 1896.)
[Unsatisfactory, and not based on independent researches.]
Sayce, A. H.—The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments. (London 1894.)
[Suggestive, but unreliable. Full of inaccuracies.]
----Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments. (2d ed. London 1886.)
Schleussner.—Die Bedeutung der Ausgrabungen in dem Euphrat und Tigris-Gebiet für das Alte Testament. (Wittenberg 1892.)
Schrader, E.—Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament. 3d ed. (Announced for 1898.)
[English translation of the 2d German ed., 'The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament.' London 1885-1889.]