4.(Pg. [180]) How is this refraction explained in [fig. 1, plate 19]?

5.(Pg. [180]) What is [fig. 2] intended to explain?

6.(Pg. [180]) What is the rule respecting refraction, by different mediums?

7.(Pg. [181]) What is meant by the perpendicular?

8.(Pg. [181]) How does [fig. 3, plate 19], elucidate the law of refraction?

9.(Pg. [181]) What will be the effect on the apparent situation of the flower?

10.(Pg. [181]) What effect has refraction upon the apparent depth of a stream of water?

11.(Pg. [182]) How does the atmosphere refract the rays of the sun, as represented, [fig. 4]?

12.(Pg. [182]) Why have we the rays of the sun always refracted?

13.(Pg. [182]) What length of time is required for light to travel from the sun, to the earth?