[1] See p. 67.
[2] Known among Indian Musalmans as dasaundh, 'tithes'.
[3] Sadaqah, used in the Koran (ii. 265) for almsgiving. In India the term is applied to the custom by which money, clothes, grain, &c., are waved over a patient, or only shown to him, and then given away to beggars; or they are placed near the foot of a tree, on the bank of a river, or where four roads meet, and are then supposed to carry away the disease with them.—Jaffur Shurreef, Qanoon-e-Islam, p. 252.
[4] Imam zamini, 'a gift to the guardian saint'. When about to go on a journey, or when any misfortune befalls a person, a coin or metal ring is tied up in a cloth coloured with turmeric, in the name of the Imam Zamin, and worn on his left arm. When the traveller reaches his destination, or gets rid of his affliction, it is taken off, and its value, with some money in addition, is spent in food or sweetmeats, which are offered in the name of the saint.—Jaffur Shurreef, p. 182.
[5] Pak.
[6] Imam Zamani, Zamani tum karo.
[7] Munshi, 'a writer, secretary'.
[8] Shukr Allah.
[9] Bi'smi'llah: the full form is
bi'smi'llah'r-rahmani'r-rahim, 'In the name of Allah,
the Compassionate, the Merciful!' These latter titles are omitted when
going into battle, or when slaughtering animals.
[10] The Prophet ordered that when a dog drinks from a vessel, it must be
washed seven times, the first cleansing being with earth. But the dog
of the Seven Sleepers will be admitted into Heaven.—Koran,
xviii. 17.