The Churches of S. Stephen, Walbrook, S. Andrew, Holborn, S. James, Piccadilly, S. Clements Danes, S. Bride's, Fleet Street, and Bow are amongst the finest designed by Wren. The steeples of the last three are especially noteworthy as the earliest examples in England of the use of that feature in Renaissance buildings.
Sir Christopher did not pass away until the 18th century, which was to witness a rapid decline of architecture in England. His influence had begun to wane even before his death, and few of his immediate successors, with the exceptions of his pupils, Nicholas Hawkesmoor, architect of S. George's, Bloomsbury, and other London churches of similar design, and Sir John Vanburgh, who designed Castle Howard and Blenheim Palace, rose to eminence. James Gibbs, designer of the Ratcliffe Library at Oxford, also did some good work; the brothers Adam successfully imitated classic forms in certain London and Edinburgh buildings, and Sir Robert Taylor won some distinction by the Halls erected by him in Herefordshire and Essex.
Towards the close of the century a classic revival inaugurated by Sir William Chambers, designer of Somerset House, took place in England, and it became the fashion to add a Greek portico to every important public or private building. Typical examples of the new departure are S. Pancras Church, London, that is a kind of compilation from the Parthenon, the Erectheum, and the Temple of the Winds at Athens, and S. George's Hall, Liverpool, a skilful adaptation of the design of a hall of one of the great Thermæ of Rome.
Early in the 19th century a reaction took place against the classic style, which was not really adapted to the English climate, and architects began to show a desire to revert to Gothic traditions. In this new movement Sir Charles Barry took the lead. The Houses of Parliament, in the latest phase of the style, considered his masterpiece, is specially successful in its general plan and in the picturesqueness of its exterior. With Sir Charles Barry must be associated Augustine Pugin, a man of fine genius and originality, with a genuine feeling for mediæval Gothic, Norman Shaw, and Bodley, all of whom have done much to leaven the utilitarian tendencies of modern times.
INDEX
- Alhambra, the, [42]
- Amiens Cathedral, [65]
- Amphitheatres, Roman, [28]
- Anglo-Norman style, [54]
- Anglo-Saxon style, [53]
- Arch, [vi]
- Arches, Roman, [30]
- Architecture, definition of, [v]
- Asiatic architecture, [9]
- Assyrian architecture, [9]
- Babylonian architecture, [9]
- Baptisteries, [35]
- Basilicas, Roman, [26]
- Baths, Roman, [27]
- Buddhist architecture, [12]
- Buvards, [v]
- Byzantine architecture, [24], [36]
- Caryatid Porch, [21]
- Castles, Norman, [59]
- Cathedrals. See Churches
- Chaityas, [11]
- Chartres Cathedral, [64]
- Chinese architecture, [13]
- Christian architecture, Early, [31]
- Churches, Anglo-Norman, [54]
- Anglo-Saxon, [53]
- Byzantine, [37]
- Early Christian, [31]
- Gothic, [62], [68], [76]
- Renaissance, [84]
- Romanesque, [47]
- Coliseum, [29]
- Cologne Cathedral, [70]
- Coptic architecture, [35]
- Corinthian style, [16], [18], [21]
- Doric style, [16], [18-21]
- Durham Cathedral, [58]
- Egyptian architecture, [7]
- Etruscan architecture, [22]
- Flamboyant Gothic style, [62], [65], [67]
- Gothic style, [50], [60]
- British, [72]
- Decorated, [73], [74], [78], [79], [80]
- Early English, [73], [78], [79]
- French, [62]
- German, [70]
- Italian, [69]
- Perpendicular, [73], [75], [80], [81]
- Spanish, [68]
- Greek architecture, [13]
- Hindu architecture, [12]
- Indian architecture, [11]
- Ionic style, [16], [18], [21]
- Jones, Inigo, [90]
- Keystone, [vi]
- Lâts, [11]
- Lintel, [vi]
- Mansions, English Renaissance, [90]
- Mastabas, [7], [10]
- Materials employed, v, [9], [23]
- Mosques, [40]
- Nineveh, [10]
- Norman style, [54]
- Notre Dame of Paris, [63]
- Palaces, Greek, [14]
- Persian, [10]
- Palaces, Renaissance, [86]
- Roman, [29]
- Pantheon, [26]
- Parthenon, [19]
- Persian architecture, [9], [10]
- Peruvian architecture, [13]
- Pyramids, [7]
- Rayonnant Gothic style, [62], [67]
- Renaissance style British, [88]
- European, [83]
- French, [87]
- Italian, [83]
- Rococo style, [88]
- Roman architecture, [22]
- Romanesque style, [45]
- Roofing, arcuated and trabeated, [vi]
- S. Ambrogio, Milan, [48]
- S. Marco, Venice, [39]
- S. Paul's Cathedral, [91]
- S. Peter's Cathedral, Rome, [84]
- S. Sophia, Constantinople, [38]
- Saracenic architecture, [40]
- Stambhas, [11]
- Stupas, [11]
- Taj Mahal, [44]
- Temples, Babylonian, [10]
- Egyptian, [8]
- Greek, [15], [18]
- Indian, [11]
- Tombs, Egyptian, [7]
- Greek, [21]
- Persian, [10]
- Topes, [11]
- Tudor style, [73], [76]
- Tuscan style, [24]
- Vaulting, Gothic, [61]
- Roman, [24]
- Romanesque, [45]
- Viharas, [11]
- Voussoirs, [vi]
- Westminster Abbey, [76], [78], [81]
- Wren, Sir Christopher, [90]
THE PEOPLE'S BOOKS
General Editor—H. C. O'NEILL
"With the 'People's Books' in hand there should be nobody of average intelligence unable to secure self-education."—Sunday Times.