In piping it is necessary to have the water or larger pipe (1⁄2 in.) attached through the lower plug as shown in cut, and the oil as shown, going through the smaller or 1⁄4-in. pipe—i.e., the oil pipe must, under all circumstances, be the smaller of the two.

In the figure is shown a piece of 6-in. gaspipe, about a foot in length, plugged at each end; the top plug has one opening, for an inch nipple “a” with top. This opening is to be used in filling the reservoir with oil. The bottom plug has two holes, one for the 1⁄2-inch water pipe, and the second for a small pet cock “B,” to let the water out, whenever it is necessary to refill the tank with kerosene. The water gauge connection is the ordinary, cheap brass fixture, with boxes, nipples, etc., used in boilers, with gasket of rubber bottom and top of the glass. The glass plainly exhibits the depth of water and oil in the reservoir as well as the feed of minute drops of oil as they speed on their beneficent mission softening the injurious scale. There are the usual 2 valves on the water glass; by opening the lower one more or less, the amount of oil used can be regulated to a nicety. The valves can be used to entirely cut off the apparatus at any time desired.

METHOD OF FEEDING KEROSENE OIL TO BOILER.—Fig. 69.

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Note.—Should the end of the screw connection inside the holder which each one of these valves control, not be 1⁄4 inch, a reduced elbow should be used, as 1⁄4-in. pipe will give the best satisfaction when used as a stand pipe inside the reservoir.

The quantity of oil to be fed to a boiler is very largely to be determined by experiment commencing with a minimum and increasing the amount as found necessary to keep down the scale formation. The use of 2 qts. of the oil per week has been found to be sufficient for a boiler 4 feet in diameter and 12 feet long, and three quarts per week on boilers 5 feet in diameter. This quantity may be regarded as the smallest advisable to use and from that up to 1 to 2 gallons per diem in boilers, say of 125 horse power, when pushed to their capacity in evaporating water.

The result of careful experiments justifies the use of kerosene, the scale being less than in four years’ previous experience, and a large portion of the boiler showing the clean black steel, in as apparently good condition as when new.

Despite the small quantity of kerosene used in the boilers in this case, the odor was perceptible by opening an air valve to any steam radiator in any of the buildings. When as much as a gallon per week was used, the odor was very strong, but with one half that amount it was hardly perceptible, and only to be noticed when an air valve had been open a long time. And since commencing to use the oil a much greater deposit of rust scales than usual has been found in the various steam traps in the buildings, indicating that the oil is also exerting a cleansing influence on the pipes of the whole system.