Fig. 181.
Water Ends. There are properly speaking four kinds of water ends to steam and power pumps:
1, A solid plunger, with a stuffing box used for heavy pressings in hydraulic apparatus, or as shown in [Fig. 182], for larger plungers.
2, A piston packed with fibrous material within the cylinder. [See Fig. 181]. The letter P in [Fig. 182] and the following cuts indicates the plunger.
3, A plunger packed with a metal ring around the outside, as illustrated in [Fig. 183].
4, Two plungers, [Fig. 184], connected outside of the cylinder with a stuffing box in two cylinder heads, through which the plungers work. These are more fully explained and illustrated as they occur in many examples as they are referred to in the oncoming chapters of this work.
The construction of the water ends of single cylinder and duplex pumps is practically the same; any slight differences which may be found are confined to minor details, which in no way affect the general design or operation of the pump.
The steam or power ends of numerous and varied makes of pumps are also as shown in the following pages of this work; all pumps actuated by power—steam, electric, etc.—are possessed of these two distinguishing features—1, a steam or power end, and 2, the water end.
Note.—This statement has exception in the cases of large pumping engines having a fly wheel or supplemental cylinders attached to an accumulator, in which case the steam is worked expansively.