Fig. 580.
Fig. 581.
Condensers are classified into surface condensers and jet condensers, both again being divided into direct connected and indirect connected condensers.
The surface condenser (see Fig. [579]) is mainly used in marine practice because it gives a better vacuum, and keeps the condensed steam separate from the cooling water; it consists of a vessel, of varied shapes, having a number of brass tubes passing from head to head. The ends of this vessel are closed by double heads, the tubes are expanded into the inner one on one end, while their other ends pass through stuffing-boxes in the other inner head.
The “admiralty” or rectangular surface condenser is represented in Fig. [579]. This form occupies less floor space than the round shell, and is preferred upon steam yachts and small vessels.
Steam is condensed on its introduction at the top of the apparatus where it comes in contact with the cool surfaces of the tubes. Through these water is circulated by a centrifugal pump driven usually by a separate engine.
Fig. 582.