It has been hoped that the system would be used extensively for the analysis of previously acquired data, beginning shortly after delivery; however, very little such use has proved possible, essentially because of the unreliability of the 100-cpm card reader supplied by EMR. The lack of a line printer was also a factor. A more reliable reader has been purchased. The delivery of a line printer should rectify the second need.

The development of high-speed, buffered, time-of-flight front ends has been a continuing interest at Columbia. It is therefore difficult to estimate the precise costs of the time-of-flight system developed for use with the 6130. A rough estimate of the design and development time is approximately 3 engineer man years.

5. Lessons from Development and Testing Experience

Columbia chose to order the EMR 6130, even though at that time (1966) it was not in production, because it seemed a very powerful machine which matched the needs of the system planners. The alternate possibility open was to order a larger, much more expensive machine of proven capability. As it turned out, difficulties in the development of the 6130 caused a delay of over a year in the delivery of the main frame and of over two years in the delivery of the CRT display. (When these delays became apparent, EMR loaned Columbia a 24-bit computer and also a small display for use during the interim period.) The EMR 6130 is perhaps the most powerful 16-bit computer available today, in spite of one or two changes in the original specifications, but in order to get it Columbia apparently traded time for money.

6. Cost

The costs of the Columbia University EMR 6130 system are given in Table 3.

TABLE 3  Cost of Columbia University EMR 6130 System
(Prices from EMR Except where Indicated)
1Central processor with 16k core memory$65,500
1Additional 8k core memory17,850
1Teletype, model 351,930
2Word/byte buffered channels10,300
1Additional memory bus and control 4,300
1Additional cabinet assembly5,000
1Card reader, 100 cpm4,100
1Magnetic disk and control16,800
1Tape transport and control26,000
18 levels, priority interrupt1,000
1CRT display, including vector generator and light pen27,750
1300-lpm line printer[B]18,000
$198,530
[B] Purchased from printer manufacturer with 6130 interface.

E. A LARGE SYSTEM BASED ON A SINGLE COMPUTER (THE YALE-IBM NUCLEAR-DATA-ACQUISITION SYSTEM)