The following are a few of the names taken at random from a list of men who had been given ten or more jobs by the Federal and State Labor Exchange between March 1, 1922, and August 15, 1922 (five and one-half months):

NumberJobs
Wm. Mitchell 1,73520
Jas. Perry5,87810
Tony Felk1,19510
Jas. Griffin5,81112
F. Mullen5,06921
Ed. Moorhead63520
Fred Wagoner5,33415
Jas. Purl68216
F. A. Murlin5,39013
W. Galvin62818
A. Myers3,70017
W. Slavis2,20219
P. Myshowi2,40815
C. Carroll4,74216
Jas. Lewis3,87216

The records show hundreds of similar instances. Some men have been sent to as many as forty or fifty jobs during a period of six months and few stayed with a job more than a month or two.

John M. secured 26 jobs from the Free Employment Bureau in less than three months between May 4 and July 26. The following is the list of employers with the dates of employment:[38]

1. Morris and Co.May 4
2. Ravina NurseryMay 6
3. Edison Co.May 10
4. Ed KatzingerMay 18
5. New Era Coal Co.May 24
6. Ravina NurseryMay 26
7. Home Fuel Co.May 27
8. Morris and Co.May 31
9. Ill. Bell Telephone Co.June 8
10. Flazman Iron Co.June 12
11. Greenpoint Beef Co.June 13
12. Astrid Rosing Co.June 14
13. Armstrong Paint Co.June 21
14. Const. Mattress Co.June 22
15. Armour Co.June 26
16. Oxweld Acetylene Co. June 27
17. Oxweld Acetylene Co.June 29
18. Wisconsin Lime Co.June 30
19. American Express Co.July 1
20. Wisconsin Lime Co.July 5
21. Oxweld Acetylene Co.July 10
22. Oxweld Acetylene Co.July 11
23. Edison Co.July 15
24. Low Pipe Co.July 24
25. International Har. Co.July 25
26. J. A. RossJuly 26

John M. is a casual laborer. He is one of a type that works by the day, is paid by the day, and lives by the day. Don. D. Lescohier has described the characteristics of the casual workers:

A man becomes a casual when he acquires the casual state of mind. The extreme type of casual never seeks more than a day’s work. He lives strictly to the rule, one day at a time. If you ask him why he does not take a steady job, he will tell you that he would like to, but that he hasn’t money enough to enable him to live until pay-day, and no one will give him credit. If you offer to advance his board until pay-day, he will accept your offer and accept the job you offer him, but he will not show up on the job, or else will quit at the end of the first day. He has acquired a standard or scale of work and life that makes it almost impossible for him to restore himself to steady employment. He lacks the desire, the will-power, self-control, ambition, and habits of industry which are essential to it.[39]

The demoralizing effect of a period of unemployment upon the migratory and casual worker is indicated in an interview given to the investigator by Mr. Charles J. Boyd, general superintendent of the Illinois Free Employment Offices in Chicago.

Depending on one’s point of view, the homeless man, owing to the serious industrial depression during the winter of 1921-1922 had remarkable success in begging or panhandling. The spirit of the public during the depression was to help the unemployed man and advantage of this situation was not lost sight of by the hobo who worked on the sympathy of the public. With the approach of summer and improved industrial conditions, the hobo continued to make a living in other ways than by working for it. There seems to be an understanding among this class of men not to work for less than 50c an hour, and they are loath to accept steady employment at 35c to 37½c hour when they can do temporary work, and work at a different job every day, or any day one pleases, at 45c to 50c an hour. The hobo is reluctant to work in foundries or steel mills. He likes the open and when winter is past, the hobo, with few exceptions, refuses inside work.