[AE] According to the late Rai Bahadur R. B. Sanyal, freshwater sponges are called in Bengali "shrimps' nests." From his description it is evident that he refers mainly to S. carteri (see Hours with Nature, p. 46; Calcutta 1896).
[AF] Stebbing, J. Linn. Soc. xxx, p. 40; Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus. i, p. 279.
[AG] Brunetti, Rec. Ind. Mus. ii, p. 376 (1908).
[AH] The outer covering by means of which the gemmule is fixed is not formed until the other structures are complete. In young sponges, therefore, free gemmules may often be found.
[AI] This locality is often referred to in zoological literature as Kawkareet or Kawkarit, or even Kokarit.
[AJ] Potts's Spongilla novæ-terræ from Newfoundland and N. America cannot belong to this genus although it has similar flesh-spicules, for, as Weltner has pointed out (op. cit. supra p. 126), the gemmule-spicules are abortive rotulæ. This is shown very clearly in the figure published by Petr (Rozp. Ceske Ak. Praze, Trída, ii, pl. ii, figs. 27, 28, 1899), who assigns the species to Heteromeyenia. Weltner places it in Ephydatia, and it seems to be a connecting link between the two genera. It has been suggested that it is a hybrid (Traxler, Termes. Fuzetek, xxi, p. 314, 1898).
APPENDIX TO PART I.
Form of Uncertain Position.
([Plate I], fig. 4.)
On more than one occasion I have found in my aquarium in Calcutta small sponges of a peculiar type which I am unable to refer with certainty to any of the species described above. Fig. 4, pl. I, represents one of these sponges. They are never more than about a quarter of an inch in diameter and never possess more than one osculum. They are cushion-shaped, colourless and soft. The skeleton-spicules are smooth, sharply pointed, moderately slender and relatively large. They are arranged in definite vertical groups, which project through the dermal membrane, and in irregular transverse formation. Small spherical gemmules are present but have only a thin chitinous covering without spicules or foramen.