[28.] Dr. Christian Ginsburg (1920), The Kabbalah, pp. 172, 173.
[29.] Vulliaud, op. cit., I. 253.
[30.] Ibid., p. 20, quoting Theodore Reinach, Historie des Israelites, p. 221, and Salomon Reinach, Orpheus, p. 299.
[31.] Jewish Encyclopædia, article on Cabala.
[32.] Adolphe Franck, op. cit., p. 288.
[33.] Vulliaud, op. cit., I. 256, quoting Greenstone, The Messiah Idea, p. 229.
[34.] H. Loewe, in an article on the Kabbala in Hastings' Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, says: "This secret mysticism was no late growth. Difficult though it is to prove the date and origin of this system of philosophy and the influences and causes which produced it, we can be fairly certain that its roots stretch back very far and that the mediæval and Geonic Kabbala was the culmination and not the inception of Jewish esoteric mysticism. From the time of Graetz it has been the fashion to decry the Kabbala and to regard it as a later incrustation, as something of which Judaism had reason to be ashamed." The writer goes on to express the opinion that "the recent tendency requires adjustment. The Kabbala, though later in form than is claimed by its adherents, is far older in material than is allowed by its detractors."
[35.] Vulliaud, op. cit., I. 22.
[36.] Ibid., I. 13, 14, quoting Edersheim, La Société Juive an temps de Jésus-Christ (French translation), pp. 363-4
[37.] See chapters on this question by Gougenot des Mousseaux in Le Juif, le Judaïsme et la Judaïsation des Peisples Chrétiens, pp. 499 and following (2nd edition, 1886). The first edition of this book, published in 1869, is said to have been bought up and destroyed by the Jews, and the author died a sudden death before the second edition could be published.