The Balkans

A HISTORY OF BULGARIA—SERBIA—GREECE—RUMANIA—TURKEY

BY NEVILL FORBES, ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE, D. MITRANY, D.G. HOGARTH

Contents

[PREFACE]
[BULGARIA AND SERBIA. By NEVILL FORBES.]
[1. Introductory]
[2. The Balkan Peninsula in Classical Times 400 B.C.— A.D. 500]
[3. The Arrival of the Slavs in the Balkan Peninsula, A.D. 500-650]
[BULGARIA.]
[4. The Arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkan Peninsula, 600-700]
[5. The Early Years of Bulgaria and the Introduction of Christianity, 700-893]
[6. The Rise and Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire, 893-972]
[7. The Rise and Fall of ‘Western Bulgaria’ and the Greek Supremacy, 963-1186]
[8. The Rise and Fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1186-1258]
[9. The Serbian Supremacy and the Final Collapse, 1258-1393]
[10. The Turkish Dominion and the Emancipation, 1393-1878]
[11. The Aftermath, and Prince Alexander of Battenberg, 1878-86]
[12. The Regeneration under Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, 1886-1908]
[13. The Kingdom, 1908-13]
[SERBIA.]
[14. The Serbs under Foreign Supremacy, 650-1168]
[15. The Rise and Fall of the Serbian Empire and the Extinction of Serbian Independence, 1168-1496]
[16. The Turkish Dominion, 1496-1796]
[17. The Liberation of Serbia under Kara-George (1804-13) and Miloš Obrenović (1815-30): 1796-1830]
[18. The Throes of Regeneration: Independent Serbia, 1830-1903]
[19. Serbia, Montenegro, and the Serbo-Croats in Austria-Hungary, 1903-8]
[20. Serbia and Montenegro, and the two Balkan Wars, 1908-13]
[GREECE. By ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE.]
[1. From Ancient to Modern Greece]
[2. The Awakening of the Nation]
[3. The Consolidation of the State]
[RUMANIA: HER HISTORY AND POLITICS. By D. MITRANY]
[1. Introduction]
[2. Formation of the Rumanian Nation]
[3. The Foundation and Development of the Rumanian Principalities]
[4. The Phanariote Rule]
[5. Modern Period to 1866]
[6. Contemporary Period: Internal Development]
[7. Contemporary Period: Foreign Affairs]
[8. Rumania and the Present War]
[TURKEY. By D. G. HOGARTH]
[1. Origin of the Osmanlis]
[2. Expansion of the Osmanli Kingdom]
[3. Heritage and Expansion of the Byzantine Empire]
[4. Shrinkage and Retreat]
[5. Revival]
[6. Relapse]
[7. Revolution]
[8. The Balkan War]
[9. The Future]
[INDEX]

MAPS

The Balkan Peninsula: Ethnological
The Balkan Peninsula
The Ottoman Empire

PREFACE

The authors of this volume have not worked in conjunction. Widely separated, engaged on other duties, and pressed for time, we have had no opportunity for interchange of views. Each must be held responsible, therefore, for his own section alone. If there be any discrepancies in our writings (it is not unlikely in so disputed a field of history) we can only regret an unfortunate result of the circumstances. Owing to rapid change in the relations of our country to the several Balkan peoples, the tone of a section written earlier may differ from that of another written later. It may be well to state that the sections on Serbia and Bulgaria were finished before the decisive Balkan developments of the past two months. Those on Greece and Rumania represent only a little later stage of the evolution. That on Turkey, compiled between one mission abroad and another, was the latest to be finished.