Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages)

by Noah Webster

AuÏtop¶ticÏalÏly (?), adv. By means of ocular view, or one's own observation.
Sir T. Browne.
Au·toÏsche·diÏas¶tic (?), Au·toÏsche·diÏas¶ticÏal (?), } a. [AutoÏ + Gr. ? to do hastily. See Schediasm.] Extemporary; offhand. [R.]
Dean Martin.
Au·toÏstyl¶ic (?), a. [AutoÏ + Gr. ? pillar.] (Anat.) Having the mandibular arch articulated directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.
Au¶toÏthe·ism (?), n. [AutoÏ + theism.] 1. The doctrine of God's selfÐexistence. [R.]
2. Deification of one's self; selfÐworship. [R.]
Au¶toÏthe·ist, n. One given to selfÐworship. [R.]
Au¶toÏtype (?), n. [AutoÏ + Ïtype: cf. F. autotype.] 1. A facsimile.
2. A photographic picture produced in sensitized pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in ink from a gelatin plate.
Au·toÏtyÏpog¶raÏphy (?), n. [AutoÏ + typography.] A process resembling ½nature printing,¸ by which drawings executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from which the printing is done as from copperplate.
AuÏtot¶yÏpy (?), n. The art or process of making autotypes.
Au¶tumn (?), n. [L. auctumnus, autumnus, perh. fr. a root av to satisfy one's self: cf. F. automne. See Avarice.] 1. The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called ½the fall.¸ Astronomically, it begins in the northern temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and November.
µ In England, according to Johnson, autumn popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the southern hemisphere, the autumn corresponds to our spring.
2. The harvest or fruits of autumn.
Milton.
3. The time of maturity or decline; latter portion; third stage.
Dr. Preston was now entering into the autumn of the duke's favor.
Fuller.
Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge.
Wordsworth.
AuÏtum¶nal (?), a. [L. auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F. automnal.] 1. Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint; produced or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits; flowering in autumn; as, an autumnal plant.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks
In Vallombrosa.
Milton.
2. Past the middle of life; in the third stage.
An autumnal matron.
Hawthorne.
Autumnal equinox, the time when the sun crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes the ~ point. Ð ÷ point, the point of the equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds southward; the first point of Libra. Ð ÷ signs, the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius, through which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter solstice.
Aux·aÏnom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? to cause to increase + Ïmeter.] An instrument to measure the growth of plants.
Goodale.
Ø AuxÏe¶sis (?), n. [NL., Gr. ? increase, fr. ?, ?, to increase.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a grave and magnificent word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.
AuxÏet¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis; amplifying.
AuxÏil¶iar (?; 106), a. [L. auxiliaris: cf. F. auxiliaire. See Auxiliary.] Auxiliary. [Archaic]
The auxiliar troops and Trojan hosts appear.
Pope.
AuxÏil¶iar, n. An auxiliary. [Archaic]
Milton.
AuxÏil¶iarÏly, adv. By way of help.
Harris.
AuxÏil¶iaÏry (?; 106), a. [L. auxiliarius, fr. auxilium help, aid, fr. augere to increase.] Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as auxiliary troops.
÷ scales (Mus.), the scales of relative or attendant keys. See under Attendant, a. Ð ÷ verbs (Gram.). See Auxiliary, n., 3.
AuxÏil¶iaÏry, n.; pl. Auxiliaries (?). 1. A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or enterprise.
2. (Mil.) pl. Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in sing.), a member of the allied or subsidiary force.
3. (Gram.) A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; Ð called, also, an auxiliary verb; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, shall, and will, in English; ˆtre and avoir, in French; avere and essere, in Italian; estar and haber, in Spanish.
4. (Math.) A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical formul‘.
Math. Dict.
AuxÏil¶iaÏtoÏry (?), a. Auxiliary; helping. [Obs.]
Ø A¶va (?), n. Same as Kava.
Johnston.
Av·aÏdaÏvat¶ (?), n. Same as Amadavat.
AÏvail¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Availed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Availing.] [OE. availen, fr. F. ? (L. ad) + valoir to be worth, fr. L. valere to be strong, to be worth. See Valiant.] 1. To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment.
O, what avails me now that honor high !
Milton.
2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.]
Pope.
To avail one's self of, to make use of; take advantage of.
Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names.
Milton.
I have availed myself of the very first opportunity.
Dickens.
AÏvail¶, v. i. To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease. ½What signs avail ?¸
Milton.
Words avail very little with me, young man.
Sir W. Scott.
AÏvail¶ (?), n. 1. Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as, labor, without economy, is of little avail.
The avail of a deathbed repentance.
Jer. Taylor.
2. pl. Proceeds; as, the avails of a sale by auction.
The avails of their own industry.
Stoddard.
Syn. - Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.
AÏvail¶, v. t. & i. See Avale, v. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏvail·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Availabilities (?). 1. The quality of being available; availableness.
µ The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of ½mere availableness,¸ or capability of success without regard to worthiness.
He was… nominated for his availability.
Lowell.
2. That which is available.
AÏvail¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; effectual; valid; as, an available plea. [Obs.]
Laws human are available by consent.
Hooker.
2. Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; as, an available measure; an available candidate.
Struggling to redeem, as he did, the available months and days out of so many that were unavailable.
Carlyle.
Having no available funds with which to pay the calls on new shares.
H. Spenser.
AÏvail¶aÏbleÏness, n. 1. Competent power; validity; efficacy; as, the availableness of a title. [Obs.]
2. Quality of being available; capability of being used for the purpose intended.
Sir M. Hale.
AÏvai¶aÏbly, adv. In an available manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.
AÏvail¶ment (?), n. Profit; advantage. [Obs.]
Av¶aÏlanche· (?; 277), n. [F. avalanche, fr. avaler to descend, to let down, from aval down, downward; ? (L. ad) + val, L. vallis, valley. See Valley.] 1. A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.
2. A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice.
3. A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.
AÏvale¶ (?), v. t. & i. [F. avaler to descend, to let down. See Avalanche.] 1. To cause to descend; to lower; to let fall; to doff. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To bring low; to abase. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
3. (v. i.) To descend; to fall; to dismount. [Obs.]
And from their sweaty courses did avale.
Spenser.
AÏvant¶ (?), n. [For avantÐguard. Cf. Avaunt, Van.] The front of an army. [Obs.] See Van.
AÏvant¶Ðcou·riÏer (?), n. [F., fr. avant before + courrier. See Avaunt, and Courier.] A person dispatched before another person or company, to give notice of his or their approach.
AÏvant¶Ðguard· (?; 277), n. [F. avant before + E. guard, F. avantÐgarde. See Avaunt.] The van or advanced body of an army. See Vanguard.
Av¶aÏrice (?), n. [F. avaritia, fr. avarus avaricious, prob. fr. av?re to covert, fr. a root av to satiate one's self: cf. Gr. ?, ?, to satiate, Skr. av to satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.] 1. An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth; covetousness; cupidity.
To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up, is avarice.
Beattie.
2. An inordinate desire for some supposed good.
All are taught an avarice of praise.
Goldsmith.
Av·aÏri¶cious (?), a. [Cf. F. avaricieux.] Actuated by avarice; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.
Syn. - Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid; close. Ð Avaricious, Covetous, Parsimonious, Penurious, Miserly, Niggardly. The avaricious eagerly grasp after it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a spendthrift. The penurious, parsimonious, and miserly save money by disgraceful selfÐdenial, and the niggardly by meanness in their dealing with others. We speak of persons as covetous in getting, avaricious in retaining, parsimonious in expending, penurious or miserly in modes of living, niggardly in dispensing.
Ð Av·aÏri¶ciousÏly, adv. Ð Av·aÏri¶ciousÏness, n.
Av¶aÏrous (?), a. [L. avarus.] Avaricious. [Obs.]
AÏvast¶ (?), interj. [Corrupted from D. houd vast hold fast. See Hold, v. t., and Fast, a.] (Naut.) Cease; stop; stay. ½Avast heaving.¸
Totten.
Av·aÏtar¶ (?), n. [Skr. avatƒra descent; ava from + root t? to cross, pass over.] 1. (Hindoo Myth.) The descent of a deity to earth, and his incarnation as a man or an animal; Ð chiefly associated with the incarnations of Vishnu.
2. Incarnation; manifestation as an object of worship or admiration.
AÏvaunce¶ (?), v. t. & i. [See Advance.] To advance; to profit.
Chaucer.
AÏvaunt¶ (?), interj. [F. avant forward, fr. L. ab + ante before. Cf. Avant, Advance.] Begone; depart; Ð a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase ½Get thee gone.¸
AÏvaunt¶, v. t. & i. 1. To advance; to move forward; to elevate. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To depart; to move away. [Obs.]
Coverdale.
AÏvaunt¶, v. t. & i. [OF. avanter; ? (L. ad) + vanter. See Vaunt.] To vaunt; to boast. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏvaunt¶, n. A vaunt; to boast. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏvaunt¶our (?), n. [OF. avanteur.] A boaster. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ø A¶ve (?), n. [L., hail.] 1. An ave Maria.
He repeated Aves and Credos.
Macaulay.
2. A reverential salutation.
Their loud applause and aves vehement.
Shak.
AÏvel (?), v. t. [L. avellere.] To pull away. [Obs.]
Yet are not these parts avelled.
Sir T. Browne.
AÏvel¶lane (?), a. [Cf. It. avellana a filbert, fr. L. Avella or Abella a city of Campania.] (Her.) In the form of four unhusked filberts; as, an avellane cross.
Ø A¶ve MaÏri¶a (?), A¶ve Ma¶ry (?). } [From the first words of the Roman Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. ave hail, Maria Mary.] 1. A salutation and prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; Ð used in the Roman Catholic church.
To number Ave Maries on his beads.
Shak.
2. A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing of the bells about half an hour after sunset, and also at early dawn), when the people repeat the Ave Maria.
Ave Maria ! blessed be the hour !
Byron.
Ø AÏve¶na (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including the common oat (Avena sativa); the oat grasses.
Av·eÏna¶ceous (?), a. [L. avenaceus, fr. avena oats.] Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.
Av¶eÏnage (?), n. [F. avenage, fr. L. avena oats.] (Old Law) A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent.
Jacob.
Av¶eÏner (?), n. [OF. avenier, fr. aveine, avaine, avoine, oats, F. avoine, L. avena.] (Feud. Law) An officer of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide oats for the horses. [Obs.]
AÏvenge¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avenged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Avenging (?).] [OF. avengier; L. ad + vindicare to lay claim to, to avenge, revenge. See Vengeance.] 1. To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.
He will avenge the blood of his servants.
Deut. xxxii. 43.
Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones
Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold.
Milton.
He had avenged himself on them by havoc such as England had never before seen.
Macaulay.
2. To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on. [Obs.]
Thy judgment in avenging thine enemies.
Bp. Hall.
Syn. - To Avenge, Revenge. To avenge is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; as, to avenge one's wrongs; to avenge the injuries of the suffering and innocent. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To revenge is to inflict pain or injury for the indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human character.
I avenge myself upon another, or I avenge another, or I avenge a wrong. I revenge only myself, and that upon another.
C. J. Smith.
AÏvenge¶, v. i. To take vengeance.
Levit. xix. 18.
AÏvenge¶, n. Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏvenge¶ance (?), n. Vengeance. [Obs.]
AÏvenge¶ful (?), a. Vengeful. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏvenge¶ment (?), n. The inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken. [R.]
Milton.
AÏven¶ger (?), n. 1. One who avenges or vindicates; as, an avenger of blood.
2. One who takes vengeance. [Obs.]
Milton.

AÏven¶gerÏess, n. A female avenger. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏve¶niÏous (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + L. vena a vein.] (Bot.) Being without veins or nerves, as the leaves of certain plants.
Av¶eÏnor (?), n. See Avener. [Obs.]
Av¶ens (?), n. [OF. avence.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Geum, esp. Geum urbanum, or herb bennet.
Av¶enÏtail (?), n. [OF. esventail. Cf. Ventail.] The movable front to a helmet; the ventail.
Av¶enÏtine (?), a. Pertaining to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which Rome stood.
Bryant.
Av¶enÏtine, n. A post of security or defense. [Poetic]
Into the castle's tower,
The only Aventine that now is left him.
Beau. & Fl.
AÏven¶tre (?), v. t. To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏven¶ture (?; 135), n. [See Adventure, n.] 1. Accident; chance; adventure. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Old Law) A mischance causing a person's death without felony, as by drowning, or falling into the fire.
AÏven¶tuÏrine (?), n. [F. aventurine: cf. It. avventurino.] 1. A kind of glass, containing goldÐcolored spangles. It was produced in the first place by the accidental (par aventure) dropping of some brass filings into a pot of melted glass.
2. (Min.) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.
÷ feldspar, a variety of oligoclase with internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.
Av¶eÏnue (?), n. [F. avenue, fr. avenir to come to, L. advenire. See Advene.] 1. A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. ½The avenues leading to the city by land.¸
Macaulay.
On every side were expanding new avenues of inquiry.
Milman.
2. The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.
An avenue of tall elms and branching chestnuts.
W. Black.
3. A broad street; as, the Fifth Avenue in New York.
A¶ver (?), n. [OF. aver domestic animal, whence LL. averia, pl. cattle. See Habit, and cf. Average.] A work horse, or working ox. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.]

<— p. 105 —>

AÏver¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Averring.] [F. av‚rer, LL. adverare, averare; L. ad + versus true. See Verity.] 1. To assert, or prove, the truth of. [Obs.]
2. (Law) To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify. See Averment.
3. To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth.
It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as I do seriously aver is the case.
Fielding.
Then all averred I had killed the bird.
Coleridge.
Syn. - To assert; affirm; asseverate. See Affirm.
Av¶erÏage (?), n. [OF. average, LL. averagium, prob. fr. OF. aver, F. avoir, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. habere to have. Cf. F. av‚rage small cattle, and avarie (perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was pe??? the service of carting a feudal lord's wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each person's property. Cf. Aver, n., Avercorn, Averpenny.] 1. (OLd Eng. Law) That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.
2. [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or cargo.] (Com.) (a) A tariff or duty on goods, etc. [Obs.] (b) Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped. (c) A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils. (d) The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested.
General ~, a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called general average, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice. Kent. Ð Particular ~ signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers. Ð Petty averages are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading, ½primage and average accustomed,¸ average means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average. Arnould. Abbott. Phillips.
3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average 10.
4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc. ½The average of sensations.¸
Paley.
5. pl. In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets.
On an average, taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.
Av¶erÏage (?), a. 1. Pertaining to an ~ or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; as, an average rate of profit; an average amount of rain; the average Englishman; beings of the average stamp.
2. According to the laws of ~; as, the loss must be made good by average contribution.
Av¶erÏage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Averaging.] 1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean.
2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to average a loss.
3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an ~.
Av¶erÏage, v. i. To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~; as, the losses of the owners will average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in length.
A¶verÏcorn· (?), n. [Aver, n. + corn.] (Old Eng. Law) A reserved rent in corn, formerly paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers.
Kennet.
AÏver¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. averement, LL. averamentum. See Aver, v. t.] 1. The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive assertion.
Signally has this averment received illustration in the course of recent events.
I. Taylor.
2. Verification; establishment by evidence.
Bacon.
3. (Law) A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is alleged.
µ In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new matter, he avers it to be true, by using this form of words: ½and this he is ready to verify.¸ This was formerly called an averment. It modern pleading, it is termed a verification.
Blackstone.
AÏver¶nal (?), AÏver¶niÏan (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be connected with the infernal regions.
Av¶erÏpen·ny (?), n. [Aver, n. + penny.] (Old Eng. Law) Money paid by a tenant in lieu of the service of average.
AÏver¶roÏism (?), n. The tenets of the Averroists.
AÏver¶roÏist, n. One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in Italy before the restoration of learning; so denominated from Averroes, or Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the doctrine of monopsychism.
Av·erÏrun¶cate (?), v. t. [L. averruncare to avert; a, ab, off + verruncare to turn; formerly derived from ab and eruncare to root out. Cf. Aberuncate.] 1. To avert; to ward off. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
2. To root up. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Av·erÏrunÏca¶tion (?), n. [Cf. OF. averroncation.] 1. The act of averting. [Obs.]
2. Eradication. [R.]
De Quincey.
Av·erÏrunÏca¶tor (?), n. [Cf. Aberuncator.] An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on the end of a long rod.
Av·erÏsa¶tion (?), n. [L. aversatio, fr. aversari to turn away, v. intens. of avertere. See Avert.] A turning from with dislike; aversion. [Obs.or Archaic]
Some men have a natural aversation to some vices or virtues, and a natural affection to others.
Jer. Taylor.
AÏverse¶ (?), a. [L. aversus, p. p. of avertere. See Avert.] 1. Turned away or backward. [Obs.]
The tracks averse a lying notice gave,
And led the searcher backward from the cave.
Dryden.
2. Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant.
Averse alike to flatter, or offend.
Pope.
Men who were averse to the life of camps.
Macaulay.
Pass by securely as men averse from war.
Micah ii. 8.
µ The prevailing usage now is to employ to after averse and its derivatives rather than from, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is in agreement with its kindred terms, hatred, dislike, dissimilar, contrary, repugnant, etc., expressing a relation or an affection of the mind to an object.
Syn. - Averse, Reluctant, Adverse. Averse expresses an habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; as, averse to active pursuits; averse to study. Reluctant, a term of the of the will, implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of interest or feeling; as, reluctant to yield; reluctant to make the necessary arrangements; a reluctant will or consent. Adverse denotes active opposition or hostility; as, adverse interests; adverse feelings, plans, or movements; the adverse party.
AÏverse¶, v. t. & i. To turn away. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
AÏverse¶ly, adv. 1. Backward; in a backward direction; as, emitted aversely.
2. With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.
AÏverse¶ness, n. The quality of being averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.
AÏver¶sion (?), n. [L. aversio: cf. F. aversion. See Avert.] 1. A turning away. [Obs.]
Adhesion to vice and aversion from goodness.
Bp. Atterbury.
2. Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike; antipathy; disinclination; reluctance.
Mutual aversion of races.
Prescott.
His rapacity had made him an object of general aversion.
Macaulay.
µ It is now generally followed by to before the object. [See Averse.] Sometimes towards and for are found; from is obsolete.
A freeholder is bred with an aversion to subjection.
Addison.
His aversion towards the house of York.
Bacon.
It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has conceived an aversion for him.
Spectator.
The Khasias… have an aversion to milk.
J. D. Hooker.
3. The object of dislike or repugnance.
Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire.
Pope.
Syn. - Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See Dislike.
AÏvert¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averted; p. pr. & vb. n. Averting.] [L. avertere; a, ab + vertere to turn: cf. OF. avertir. See Verse, n.] To turn aside, or away; as, to a???t the eyes from an object; to ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; as, how can the danger be averted? ½To avert his ire.¸
Milton.
When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth avert them from the church.
Bacon.
Till ardent prayer averts the public woe.
Prior.
AÏvert¶, v. i. To turn away. [Archaic]
Co?? and averting from our neighbor's good.
Thomson.
AÏvert¶ed, a. Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious.
Who scornful pass it with averted eye.
Keble.
AÏvert¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, averts.
AÏvert¶iÏble (?), a.ÿCapable of being averted; preventable.
AÏver¶tiÏment (?), n. Advertisement. [Obs.]
Ø A¶ves (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of avis bird.] (Zo”l.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.
µ Aves, or birds, have a complete double circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly modified as wings; and they bear feathers. All existing birds have a horny beak, without teeth; but some Mesozoic fossil birds (Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted in both jaws. The principal groups are: Carinat‘, including all existing flying birds; Ratit‘, including the ostrich and allies, the apteryx, and the extinct moas; Odontornithes, or fossil birds with teeth.
The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure of the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their habits. See Beak, Bird, Odontonithes.
Ø AÏves¶ta (?), n. The Zoroastrian scriptures. See ZendÐAvesta.
A¶viÏan (?), a. Of or instrument to birds.
A¶viÏaÏry (?), n.; pl. Aviaries (?). [L. aviarium, fr. aviarius pertaining to birds, fr. avis bird, akin to Gr, ?, Skr. vi.] A house, inclosure, large cage, or other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house.
Lincolnshire may be termed the aviary of England.
Fuller.
A·viÏa¶tion (?), n. The art or science of flying.
A¶viÏa·tor (?), n. (a) An experimenter in aviation. (b) A flying machine.
Ø AÏvic¶uÏla (?), n. [L., small bird.] (Zo”l.) A genus of marine bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to the pearl oyster; Ð so called from a supposed resemblance of the typical species to a bird.
AÏvic¶uÏlar (?), a. [L. avicula a small bird, dim. of avis bird.] Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.
Ø AÏvic·uÏla¶riÏa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Avicular.] (Zo”l.) See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often having the shape of a bird's bill.
A¶viÏcul·ture (?; 135), n. [L. avis bird + cultura culture.] (Zo”l.) Rearing and care of birds.
Av¶id (?), a. [L. avidus, fr. av?re to long: cf. F. avide. See Avarice.] Longing eagerly for; eager; greedy. ½Avid of gold, yet greedier of renown.¸
Southey.
AÏvid¶iÏous (?), a. Avid.
AÏvid¶iÏousÏly, adv. Eagerly; greedily.
AÏvid¶iÏty (?), n. [L. aviditas, fr. avidus: cf. F. avidit‚. See Avid.] Greediness; strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; as, to eat with avidity.
His books were received and read with avidity.
Milward.
AÏvie¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + vie.] Emulously. [Obs.]
Ø A·viÏfau¶na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. avis bird + E. fauna.] (Zo”l.) The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.
Av·iÏga¶to (?), n. See Avocado.
A·vignon¶ ber¶ry (?). (Bot.) The fruit of the Rhamnus infectorius, eand of other species of the same genus; Ð so called from the city of Avignon, in France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow. Called also French berry.
AÏvile¶ (?), v. t. [OF. aviler, F. avilir; a (L. ad) + vil vile. See Vile.] To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate. [Obs.]
Want makes us know the price of what we avile.
B. Jonson.
AÏvis¶ (?), n. [F. avis. See Advice.] Advice; opinion; deliberation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏvise¶ (?), v. t. [F. aviser. See Advise, v. t.] 1. To look at; to view; to think of. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.]
Shak.
To ~ one's self, to consider with one's self, to reflect, to deliberate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be,
Avise thee well, and change thy willful mood.
Spenser.
AÏvise¶, v. i. To consider; to reflect. [Obs.]
AÏvise¶ful (?), a. Watchful; circumspect. [Obs.]
With sharp, aviseful eye.
Spenser.
AÏvise¶ly, adv. Advisedly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏvise¶ment (?), n. Advisement; observation; deliberation. [Obs.]
AÏvi¶sion (?), n. Vision. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏvi¶so (?), n. [Sp.] 1. Information; advice.
2. An advice boat, or dispatch boat.
Ø Av·oÏca¶do (?), n. [Corrupted from the Mexican ahuacatl: cf. Sp. aguacate, F. aguacat‚, avocat, G. avogadobaum.] The pulpy fruit of Persea gratissima, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; Ð called also avocado pear, alligator pear, midshipman's butter.
Ø Av·oÏcat (?), n. [F.] An advocate.
Av¶oÏcate (?), v. t. [L. avocatus, p. p. of avocare; a, ab + vocare to call. Cf. Avoke, and see Vocal, a.] To call off or away; to withdraw; to transfer to another tribunal. [Obs. or Archaic]
One who avocateth his mind from other occupations.
Barrow.
He, at last,… avocated the cause to Rome.
Robertson.
Av·oÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. avocatio.] 1. A calling away; a diversion. [Obs. or Archaic]
Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin.
South.
2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation.
Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments avocations.
Fuller.
By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life.

Atterbury. µ In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. Avocation (in the singular) for vocation is usually avoided by good writers. 3. pl. Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation. There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common avocations of women. Richardson. In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary avocations. Macaulay.

<— p. 106 —>

An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed pursuits of agriculture.
Buckle.
AÏvo¶caÏtive (?), a. Calling off. [Obs.]
AÏvo¶caÏtive, n. That which calls aside; a dissuasive.
Av¶oÏcet, Av¶oÏset (?), n. [F. avocette: cf. It. avosetta, Sp. avoceta.] (Zo”l.) A grallatorial bird, of the genus Recurvirostra; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is R. Americana. [Written also avocette.] AÏvoid¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avoided; p. pr. & vb. n. Avoiding.] [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See Void, a.] 1. To empty. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to avoid excretions. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from. [Obs.]
Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided
the room.
Bacon.
4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute.
How can these grants of the king's be avoided?
Spenser.
5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters.
What need a man forestall his date of grief.
And run to meet what he would most avoid ?
Milton.
He carefully avoided every act which could goad them into open hostility.
Macaulay.
6. To get rid of. [Obs.]
Shak.
7. (Pleading) To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by stating new matter.
Blackstone.
Syn. - To escape; elude; evade; eschew. Ð To Avoid, Shun. Avoid in its commonest sense means, to keep clear of, an extension of the meaning, to withdraw one's self from. It denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; as, to avoid certain persons or places. Shun is a stronger term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many cases be interchanged.
No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the take no care of himself to avoid it.
Mason.
So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox,
Yet shunned him as a sailor shuns the rocks.
Dryden.

AÏvoid¶, v. i. 1. To retire; to withdraw. [Obs.]
David avoided out of his presence.
1 Sam. xviii. 11.
2. (Law) To become void or vacant. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.
AÏvoid¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made invalid; voidable.
The charters were not avoidable for the king's nonage.
Hale.
2. Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.
AÏvoid¶ance (?), n. 1. The act of annulling; annulment.
2. The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant; Ð specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.
Wolsey,… on every avoidance of St. Peter's chair, was sitting down therein, when suddenly some one or other clapped in before him.
Fuller.
3. A dismissing or a quitting; removal; withdrawal.
4. The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear of. ½The avoidance of pain.¸
Beattie.
5. The courts by which anything is carried off.
Avoidances and drainings of water.
Bacon.
AÏvoid¶er (?), n. 1. The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which things are carried away.
Johnson.
2. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.
AÏvoid¶less, a. Unavoidable; inevitable.
Av·oirÏduÏpois¶ (?), n. & a. [OE. aver de peis, goods of weight, where peis is fr. OF. peis weight, F. poids, L. pensum. See Aver, n., and Poise, n.] 1. Goods sold by weight. [Obs.]
2. Avoirdupois weight.
3. Weight; heaviness; as, a woman of much avoirdupois.ÿ[Colloq.]
÷ weight, a system of weights by which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea.
µ The standard ~ pound of the United States is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water at 620 Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches, and the water weighed in the air with brass weights. In this system of weights 16 drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred weight 1 ton. The above pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54 grams, so that 1 pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31Ð144 pounds troy. (See Troy weight.) Formerly, a hundred weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds (sometimes called a long ton).
AÏvoke¶ (?), v. t. [Cf. Avocate.] To call from or back again. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Av¶oÏlate (?), v. i. [L. avolare; a (ab) + volare to fly.] To fly away; to escape; to exhale. [Obs.]
Av·oÏla¶tion (?), n. [LL. avolatio.] The act of flying; flight; evaporation. [Obs.]
Av¶oÏset (?), n. Same as Avocet.
AÏvouch¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Avouching.] [OF. avochier, LL. advocare to recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L. advocare to call to; ad + vocare to call. Cf. Avow to declare, Advocate, and see Vouch, v. t.] 1. To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority. [Obs.]
They avouch many successions of authorities.
Coke.
2. To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.
We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were not avouched by the full evidence.
Milman.
3. To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm openly.
If this which he avouches does appear.
Shak.
Such antiquities could have been avouched for the Irish.
Spenser.
4. To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction.
Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God.
Deut. xxvi. 17.
AÏvouch¶ (?), n. Evidence; declaration. [Obs.]
The sensible and true avouch
Of mine own eyes.
Shak.
AÏvouch¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being avouched.
AÏvouch¶er (?), n. One who avouches.
AÏvouch¶ment (?), n. The act of avouching; positive declaration. [Obs.]
Milton.
AÏvou¶trer (?), n. See Advoutrer. [Obs.]
AÏvou¶trie (?), n. [OF.] Adultery. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏvow¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Avowing.] [F. avouver, fr. L. advocare to call to (whence the meanings, to call upon as superior; recognize as lord, own, confess); ad + vocare to call. See Advocate, Avouch.] 1. To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own or acknowledge frankly; as, a man avows his principles or his crimes.
Which I to be the of Israel's God
Avow, and challenge Dagon to the test.
Milton.
2. (Law) To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See Avowry.
Blackstone.
Syn. - To acknowledge; own; confess. See Confess.
AÏvow¶, n, [Cf. F. aveu.] Avowal. [Obs.]
Dryden.
AÏvow¶, v. t. & i. [OF. avouer, fr. LL. votare to vow, fr. L. votun. See Vote, n.] To bind, or to devote, by a vow. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
AÏvow¶, n. A vow or determination. [Archaic]
AÏvow¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with confidence.
Donne.
AÏvow¶al (?), n. An open declaration; frank acknowledgment; as, an avowal of such principles.
Hume.
AÏvow¶ance (?), n. 1. Act of avowing; avowal.
2. Upholding; defense; vindication. [Obs.]
Can my avowance of kingÐmurdering be collected from anything here written by me?
Fuller.
AÏvow¶ant (?), n. (Law) The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking.
Cowell.
AÏvowed¶ (?), a. Openly acknowledged or declared; admitted. Ð AÏvow¶edÏly (?), adv.
AÏvow·ee¶ (?), n. [F. avou‚. Cf. Advowee, Advocate, n.] The person who has a right to present to a benefice; the patron; an advowee. See Advowson.
AÏvow¶er (?), n. One who avows or asserts.
AÏvow¶ry (?), n. [OE. avouerie protection, authority, OF. avouerie. See Avow to declare.] 1. An advocate; a patron; a patron saint. [Obs.]
Let God alone be our avowry.
Latimer.
2. The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own right.
Blackstone.
µ When an action of replevin is brought, the distrainer either makes avowry, that is, avours taking the distress in his own right, or the right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears of rent, damage done, or the like; or makes cognizance, that is, acknowledges the taking, but justifies in an another's right, as his bailiff or servant.
AÏvow¶try, v. t. Adultery. See Advoutry.
AÏvoy¶er (?), n. [F.] A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of Switzerland. [Obs.]
AÏvulse¶ (?), v. t. [L. avulsus, p. p. of avellere to tear off; a (ab) + vellere to pluck.] To pluck or pull off.
Shenstone.
AÏvul¶sion (?), n. [L. avulsio.] 1. A tearing asunder; a forcible separation.
The avulsion of two polished superficies.
Locke.
2. A fragment torn off.
J. Barlow.
3. (Law) The sudden removal of lands or soil from the estate of one man to that of another by an inundation or a current, or by a sudden change in the course of a river by which a part of the estate of one man is cut off and joined to the estate of another. The property in the part thus separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner.
Wharton. Burrill.
AÏvun¶cuÏlar (?), a. [L. avunculus uncle.] Of or pertaining to an uncle.
In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct or avuncular, gives way.
I. Taylor.
AÏwait¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Awaiting.] [OF. awaitier, agaitier; ? (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.] 1. To watch for; to look out for. [Obs.]
2. To wait on, serve, or attend. [Obs.]
3. To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See Expect.
Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat,
Chief of the angelic guards, awaiting night.
Milton.
4. To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; as, a glorious reward awaits the good.
O Eve, some farther change awaits us night.
Milton.
AÏwait¶, v. i. 1. To watch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To wait (on or upon). [Obs.]
3. To wait; to stay in waiting.
Darwin.
AÏwait¶, n. A waiting for; ambush; watch; watching; heed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
AÏwake¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Awoke (?), Awaked (?); p. p. Awaked; Obs. Awaken, Awoken; p. pr. & vb. n. Awaking. The form Awoke is sometimes used as a p. p.] [AS. ¾w‘cnan, v. i. (imp. aw?c), and ¾wacian, v. i. (imp. awacode). See Awaken, Wake.] 1. To rouse from sleep.; to wake; to awaken.
Where morning's earliest ray… awake her.
Tennyson.
And his disciples came to him, and awoke him, saying, Lord, save us; we perish.
Matt. viii. 25.
2. To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; as, to awake the dead; to awake the dormant faculties.
I was soon awaked from this disagreeable reverie.
Goldsmith.
It way awake my bounty further.
Shak.
No sunny gleam awakes the trees.
Keble.
AÏwake¶ (?), v. i. To cease to sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep; and, figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or death.
The national spirit again awoke.
Freeman.
Awake to righteousness, and sin not.
1 Cor. xv. 34.
AÏwake¶, a. [From awaken, old p. p. of awake.] Not sleeping or lethargic; roused from sleep; in a state of vigilance or action.
Before whom awake I stood.
Milton.
She still beheld,
Now wide awake, the vision of her sleep.
Keats.
He was awake to the danger.
Froude.
AÏwak¶en (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Awakened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Awakening.] [OE. awakenen, awaknen, AS.
¾w‘cnan, ¾w‘cnian, v. i.; pref. onÏ + w‘cnan to wake. Cf. Awake, v. t.] To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to wake.
[He] is dispatched
Already to awaken whom thou nam'st.
Cowper.
Their consciences are thoroughly awakened.
Tillotson.
Syn. - To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.
AÏwak¶enÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, awakens.
AÏwak¶enÏing, a. Rousing from sleep, in a natural or a figurative sense; rousing into activity; exciting; as, the awakening city; an awakening discourse; the awakening dawn. Ð AÏwak¶enÏingÏly, adv.
AÏwak¶enÏing, n. The act of awaking, or ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A revival of religion, or more general attention to religious matters than usual.
AÏwak¶enÏment (?), n. An awakening. [R.]
AÏwant¶ing (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + wanting.] Missing; wanting. [Prov. Scot. & Eng.]
Sir W. Hamilton.
AÏward¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Awarding.] [OF. eswarder to look at, consider, decide, judge; es (L. ex) + warder, garder, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG. wart?n to watch, guard. See Ward.] To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to adjudge; as, the arbitrators awarded damages to the complainant.
To review
The wrongful sentence, and award a new.
Dryden.
AÏward¶, v. i. To determine; to make an ~.
AÏward¶, n. [Cf. OF. award, awart, esgart. See Award, v. t.] 1. A judgment, sentence, or final decision. Specifically: The decision of arbitrators in a case submitted.½Impatient for the award.¸
Cowper.
An award had been given against.
Gilpin.
2. The paper containing the decision of arbitrators; that which is warded.
Bouvier.
AÏward¶er (?), n. One who awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a judge.
AÏware¶ (?), a. [OE. iwar, AS. gew‘r, fr. w‘r wary. The pref. geÏ orig. meant together, completely. ?. See Wary.] 1. Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty.
2. Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious; as, he was aware of the enemy's designs.
Aware of nothing arduous in a task
They never undertook.
Cowper.
AÏwarn¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + warn, AS. gewarnian. See Warn, v. t.] To warn. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏwash¶ (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + wash.] Washed by the waves or tide; Ð said of a rock or strip of shore, or (Naut.) of an anchor, etc., when flush with the surface of the water, so that the waves break over it.
AÏway¶ (?), adv. [AS. aweg, anweg, onweg; on on + weg way.] 1. From a place; hence.
The sound is going away.
Shak.
Have me away, for I am sore wounded.
2 Chron. xxxv. 23.
2. Absent; gone; at a distance; as, the master is away from home.
3. Aside; off; in another direction.
The axis of rotation is inclined away from the sun.
Lockyer.
4. From a state or condition of being; out of existence.
Be near me when I fade away.
Tennyson.
5. By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an imperative: Go or come ~; begone; take ~.
And the Lord said… Away, get thee down.
Exod. xix. 24.
6. On; in continuance; without intermission or delay; as, sing away. [Colloq.]
µ It is much used in phrases signifying moving or going from; as, go away, run away, etc.; all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither away so fast ? ½Love hath wings, and will away.¸ Waller. It serves to modify the sense of certain verbs by adding that of removal, loss, parting with, etc.; as, to throw away; to trifle away; to squander away, etc. Sometimes it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze away.
Away with, bear, abide. [Obs. or Archaic] ½The calling of assemblies, I can not away with.¸ (Isa. i. 13), i. e., ½I can not bear or endure [it].¸ Ð Away with one, signifies, take him away. ½Away with, crucify him.¸ John xix. 15. Ð To make away with. (a) To kill or destroy. (b) To carry off.

<— p. 107 —>

AÏway¶Ðgo¶ing (?), a. (Law) Sown during the last years of a tenancy, but not ripe until after its expiration; Ð said of crops.
Wharton.
AÏway¶ward (?), adv. Turned away; away. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Awe (?), n. [OE. a?e, aghe, fr. Icel. agi; akin to AS. ege, ?ga, Goth. agis, Dan. ave chastisement, fear, Gr. ? pain, distress, from the same root as E. ail. ?3. Cf. Ugly.] 1. Dread; great fear mingled with respect. [Obs. or Obsolescent]
His frown was full of terror, and his voice
Shook the delinquent with such fits of awe.
Cowper.
2. The emotion inspired by something dreadful and sublime; an undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime; reverential fear, or solemn wonder; profound reverence.
There is an awe in mortals' joy,
A deep mysterious fear.
Keble.
To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in awe.
Macaulay.
The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain, may fill the mind with awe Ð the sense of our own littleness in some greater presence or power.
C. J. Smith.
To stand in awe of, to fear greatly; to reverence profoundly.
Syn. Ð See Reverence.
Awe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Awing.] To strike with fear and reverence; to inspire with awe; to control by inspiring dread.
That same eye whose bend doth awe the world.
Shak.
His solemn and pathetic exhortation awed and melted the bystanders.
Macaulay.
AÏwea¶ried (?), p. p. Wearied. [Poetic]
AÏwea¶ry (?), a. [Pref. aÏ + weary.] Weary. [Poetic] ½I begin to be aweary of thee.¸
Shak.
AÏweath¶er (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + weather.] (Naut.) On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows; Ð opposed to alee; as, helm aweather !
Totten.
AÏweigh¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + weigh.] (Naut.) Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly; atrip; Ð said of the anchor.
Totten.
Awe¶less (?), a. See Awless.
Awe¶some (?), a. 1. Causing awe; appalling; awful; as, an awesome sight.
Wright.
2. Expressive of awe or terror.
An awesome glance up at the auld castle.
Sir W. Scott.
Awe¶someÏness, n. The quality of being awesome.
Awe¶Ðstrick·en (?), a. AweÐstruck.
Awe¶Ðstruck· (?), a. Struck with awe.
Milton.
Aw¶ful (?), a. 1. Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; as, an awful scene. ½The hour of Nature's awful throes.¸
Hemans.
2. Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence, or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear; profoundly impressive.
Heaven's awful Monarch.
Milton.
3. Struck or filled with awe; terrorÐstricken. [Obs.]
A weak and awful reverence for antiquity.
I. Watts.
4. Worshipful; reverential; lawÐabiding. [Obs.]
Thrust from the company of awful men.
Shak.
5. Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; Ð applied intensively; as, an awful bonnet; an awful boaster. [Slang]
Syn. Ð See Frightful.
Aw¶fulÏly, adv. 1. In an awful manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe; fearfully; reverently.
2. Very; excessively. [Slang]
Aw¶fulÏness, n. 1. The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness; solemnity; as, the awfulness of this sacred place.
The awfulness of grandeur.
Johnson.
2. The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of solemnity; profound reverence. [Obs.]
Producing in us reverence and awfulness.
Jer. Taylor.
AÏwhape¶ (?), v. t. [Cf. whap blow.] To confound; to terrify; to amaze. [Obs.]
Spenser.
AÏwhile¶ (?), adv. [Adj. a + while time, interval.] For a while; for some time; for a short time.
AÏwing¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÐ + wing.] On the wing; flying; fluttering.
Wallace.
Awk (?), a. [OE. auk, awk (properly) turned away; (hence) contrary, wrong, from Icel. ”figr, ”fugr, afigr, turning the wrong way, fr. af off, away; cf. OHG. abuh, Skr. ap¾c turned away, fr. apa off, away + a root ak, a?k, to bend, from which come also E. angle, anchor.]
1. Odd; out of order; perverse. [Obs.]
2. Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister; as, the awk end of a rod (the but end). [Obs.]
Golding.
3. Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not dexterous; awkward. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Awk, adv. Perversely; in the wrong way.
L'Estrange.
Awk¶ly, adv. 1. In an unlucky (leftÐhanded) or perverse manner. [Obs.]
Holland.
2. Awkwardly. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Awk¶ward (?), a. [Awk + Ïward.] 1. Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments; not dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease, grace, or effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; as, he was awkward at a trick; an awkward boy.
And dropped an awkward courtesy.
Dryden.
2. Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.
A long and awkward process.
Macaulay.
An awkward affair is one that has gone wrong, and is difficult to adjust.
C. J. Smith.
3. Perverse; adverse; untoward. [Obs.] ½Awkward casualties.¸ ½Awkward wind.¸
Shak.
O blind guides, which being of an awkward religion, do strain out a gnat, and swallow up a cancel.
Udall.
Syn. Ð Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky; maladroit; bungling; ?nelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming. Ð Awkward, Clumsy, Uncouth. Awkward has a special reference to outward deportment. A man is clumsy in his whole person, he is awkward in his gait and the movement of his limbs. Clumsiness is seen at the first view. Awkwardness is discovered only when a person begins to move. Hence the expressions, a clumsy appearance, and an awkward manner. When we speak figuratively of an awkward excuse, we think of a want of ease and grace in making it; when we speak of a clumsy excuse, we think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We apply the term uncouth most frequently to that which results from the want of instruction or training; as, uncouth manners; uncouth language.
Ð Awk¶wardÏly (?), adv. Ð Awk¶wardÏness, n.
Awl (?), n. [OE. aul, awel, al, AS. ?l, awel; akin to Icel. alr, OHG. ¾la, G. ahle, Lith. yla, Skr. ¾r¾.] A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.
Aw¶less (?), a. 1. Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear. ½Awless insolence.¸
Dryden.
2. Inspiring no awe. [Obs.] ½The awless throne.¸
Shak. [Written also aweless.]
Aw¶lessÏness, n. The quality of being awless.
Awl¶Ðshaped· (?), a. 1. Shaped like an awl.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Subulate. See Subulate.
Gray.
Awl¶wort· (?), n. [Awl + wort.] (Bot.) A plant (Subularia aquatica), with awlÐshaped leaves.
Awm (?m), n. See Aam.
Awn (?), n. [OE. awn, agune, from Icel. ”gn, pl. agnir; akin to Sw. agn, Dan. avne, Goth. ahana, OHG. agana, G. agen, ahne, chaff, Gr. ?, AS. egla; prob. from same root as E. acute. See 3d Ear. ?1.] (Bot.) The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista.
Gray.
Awned (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with an awn, or long bristleÐshaped tip; bearded.
Gray.
Awn¶ing (?), n. [Origin uncertain: cf. F. auvent awing, or Pers. ¾wan, ¾wang, anything suspended, or LG. havening a place sheltered from wind and weather, E. haven.] 1. A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.
2. (Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.
Awn¶inged (?), a. Furnished with an awning.
Awn¶less, a. Without awns or beard.
Awn¶y (?), a. Having awns; bearded.
AÏwork¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + work.] At work; in action. ½Set awork.¸
Shak.
AÏwork¶ing, adv. [Pref. aÏ + working.] At work; in action. [Archaic or Colloq.]
Spenser.
AÏwreak¶, AÏwreke¶,} (?), v. t. & i. To avenge. [Obs.] See Wreak.
AÏwrong¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + wrong.] Wrongly.
Ford.
AÏwry¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + wry.] 1. Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; as, to glance awry. ½Your crown's awry.¸
Shak.
Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues awry.
Into the devious air.
Milton.
2. Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely.
Or by her charms
Draws him awry, enslaved.
Milton.
Nothing more awry from the law of God and nature than that a woman should give laws to men.
Milton.
Aw¶some (?), a. Same as Awesome.
Ax, Axe,} (?), n. [OE. ax, axe, AS. eax, ‘x, acas; akin to D. akse, OS. accus, OHG. acchus, G. axt, Icel. ”x, ”xi, Sw. yxe, Dan. ”kse, Goth. aqizi, Gr. ?, L. ascia; not akin to E. acute.] A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The broadax, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle.
The ancient battleÐax had sometimes a double edge.
µ The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, axhead or ax head; ax helve; ax handle; ax shaft; axÐshaped; axlike.
This word was originally spelt with e, axe; and so also was nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, flaxe, taxe, waxe, sixe, mixe, pixe, oxe, fluxe, etc. This superfluous e is not dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in x, no one thinks of retaining the e except in axe. Analogy requires its exclusion here.
½The spelling ax is better on every ground, of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than axe, which has of late become prevalent.¸
New English Dict. (Murray).
Ax (?), v. t. & i. [OE. axien and asken. See Ask.] To ask; to inquire or inquire of.
µ This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States. ½And Pilat axide him, Art thou kyng of Jewis?¸ ½Or if he axea fish.¸
Wyclif.
½The king axed after your Grace's welfare.¸
Pegge.
Ax¶al (?), a. [See Axial.] [R.]
Axe (?), Axe¶man (?), etc. See Ax, Axman.
Ax¶iÏal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an axis; around an axis.
To take on an axial, and not an equatorial, direction.
Nichol.
2. (Anat.) Belonging to the axis of the body; as, the axial skeleton; or to the axis of any appendage or organ; as, the axial bones.
Axial line (Magnetism), the line taken by the magnetic force in passing from one pole of a horseshoe magnet to the other.
Faraday.
Ax¶iÏalÏly (?), adv. In relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial (magnetic) line.
Ax¶il (?), n. [L. axilla. Cf. Axle.] (Bot.) The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.
Gray.
Ax¶ile (?), a. Situated in the axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in the axis of a seed.
Gray.
Ø AxÏil¶la (?), n.; pl. Axillae (?). [L.] (Anat.) The armpit, or the cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.
2. (Bot.) An axil.
Ax¶ilÏlar (?), a. Axillary.
Ax¶ilÏlaÏries (?), Ax¶ilÏlars (?),} n. pl. (Zo”l.) Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the body, and concealed by the closed wing.
Ax¶ilÏlaÏry (?), a. [See Axil.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the axilla or armpit; as, axillary gland, artery, nerve.
2. (Bot.) Situated in, or rising from, an axil; of or pertaining to an axil. ½Axillary buds.¸
Gray.
Ax¶iÏnite (?), n. [Named in allusion to the form of the crystals, fr. Gr. ? an ax.] (Min.) A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.
AxÏin¶oÏman·cy (?), n. [L. axinomantia, Gr. ? ax + Ïmancy.] A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.
Ax¶iÏom (?), n. [L. axioma, Gr. ? that which is thought worthy, that which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a principle, fr. ? to think worthy, fr. ? worthy, weighing as much as; cf. ? to lead, drive, also to weigh so much: cf F. axiome. See Agent, a.] 1. (Logic & Math.) A selfÐevident and necessary truth, or a proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition which it is necessary to take for granted; as, ½The whole is greater than a part;¸ ½A thing can not, at the same time, be and not be.¸
2. An established principle in some art or science, which, though not a necessary truth, is universally received; as, the axioms of political economy.
Syn. Ð Axiom, Maxim, Aphorism, Adage. An axiom is a selfÐevident truth which is taken for granted as the basis of reasoning. A maxim is a guiding principle sanctioned by experience, and relating especially to the practical concerns of life. An aphorism is a short sentence pithily expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An adage is a saying of longÐestablished authority and of universal application.
Ax·iÏoÏmat¶ic (?), Ax·iÏoÏmat¶icÏal,} a. [Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom; selfÐevident; characterized by axioms. ½Axiomatical truth.¸
Johnson.
The stores of axiomatic wisdom.
I. Taylor.
Ax·iÏoÏmat¶icÏalÏly, adv. By the use of axioms; in the form of an axiom.
Ø Ax¶is (?), n. [L.] (Zo”l.) The spotted deer (Cervus axis or Axis maculata) of India, where it is called hog deer and parrah (Moorish name).
Ax¶is (?), n.; pl. Axes (?). [L. axis axis, axle. See Axle.] 1. A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged.
2. (Math.) A straight line with respect to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged; as, the axis of a cylinder, i. e., the axis of a cone, that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the axis of a circle, any straight line passing through the center.
3. (Bot.) The stem; the central part, or longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the central line of any body.
Gray.
4. (Anat.) (a) The second vertebra of the neck, or vertebra dentata. (b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn upon.
5. (Crystallog.) One of several imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes by which a crystal is bounded.
6. (Fine Arts) The primary of secondary central line of any design.
Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line or ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite sides. Ð Synclinal axis, a line from which the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a valley. Ð Axis cylinder (Anat.), the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve fiber; Ð called also axis band, axial fiber, and cylinder axis. Ð Axis in peritrochio, the wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers. Ð Axis of a curve (Geom.), a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a principal axis, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical