61. Twigs dark, with conspicuous light dots, primary veins not prominent below nor indented above, usually less than 2½ inches long swamp privet [277] 61. Twigs without conspicuous light dots, primary veins prominent below and indented above, usually over 2½ inches long [62]
62. Leaves smooth but not glossy above, tending to cluster towards ends of twigs flowering dogwood (rare) [270] 62. Leaves rough above, distributed along branchlets dwarf or rough-leaved dogwood [271]
63. Twigs bright green, often 4-sided or ridged, leaves smooth but not glossy, acuminate tips waahoo [254] 63. Twigs neither green nor 4-sided [64]
64. Leaves very glossy above black haw [285] 64. Leaves not glossy above [65]
65. Leaves 3 to 5 inches long, rather coarsely toothed French mulberry [278] 65. Leaves ¾ to 3 inches long, finely serrate or crenate [66]
66. Leaves blunt at tip spring herald [276] 66. Leaves tapering at both ends swamp privet [277]
67. Compound leaves alternate [68] 67. Compound leaves opposite [91]
Leaves Compound and Alternate
68. Trunks or twigs with spines or thorns [69] 68. Trunks and twigs without spines or thorns [74]
69. Low shrubs, 6 inches to 2 feet high pasture rose [234] 69. Not low shrubs [70]