80. Leaflets less than 2 inches long aromatic or ill-scented sumac [252] 80. Leaflets 2 to 5 inches long [81]
81. All leaflets stemless, twigs glossy wafer ash (rare) [247] 81. Terminal leaflet longer stemmed than other two, twigs not glossy poison oak or poison ivy [251]
82. Leaflets rounded toward tips [83] 82. Leaflets acute or acuminate [84]
83. Twigs dark green, leaflets not gland-dotted Eve’s necklace [244] 83. Twigs not green, leaflets dotted with tiny amber glands river locust [245]
84. Leaf margins smooth or nearly so [84A] 84. Leaf margins distinctly toothed or serrate [86]
84A. Leaves 1 to 3 feet long, 13 to 41 leaflets, twigs very stout tree of Heaven (rare) [248A] 84A. Leaves less than 1 foot long, 8 to 21 leaflets, twigs not very stout [85]
85. Leafy wings along stems between leaflets with odd leaflet at tip winged or dwarf sumac [250] 85. Leaf stem not or rarely winged between leaflets without odd leaflet at tip soapberry (wild chinaberry) [257]
86. Leaflets 5 to 7 [87] 86. Leaflets 9 to 31 [88]
87. Terminal leaflet usually broader toward tip and at least twice as large as lowest pair hickory [211] 87. Terminal leaflet not broader toward tip and not much larger than others Spanish or Texas buckeye [256]
88. Twigs reddish or purplish, a shrub smooth sumac [249] 88. Twigs neither reddish nor purplish, trees [89]