Footnotes.
[12] διφυὴς meaning, "of double nature."
[13] Iliad, xxiv. 489.
[14] Iliad, ii. 220.
[15] Theognis.
[16] It is not known from what play this fragment comes. It is given in the Variorum Edition of Euripides, Inc. Fragm. 165.
[17] From the Andromeda.
[18] This is a blunder of Athenæus; for the passage alluded to is evidently that in the Iphigenia in Aulis of Euripides. The lines as quoted in the text here are—
Δίδυμα γὰρ τόξα αὐτὸν
Ἐντείνεσθαι χαρίτων
Τὸ μὲν ἐπ' εἰαίωνι τύχα
Τὸ δ' ἐπὶ συγχύσει βιοτᾶς.
The passage in Euripides is—
Δίδυμ' Ἕρως ὁ χρυσοκόμας
Τόξ' ἐντείνεται χαρίτων
Τὸ μὲν ἐπ' εὐαίωνι πότμῳ
Τὸ δ' ἐπὶ συγχύσει βιοτᾶω.—Iph. in Aul. 552.
[19] Iliad, x. 401.
[20] This fragment is from the Hippodamia.
[21] Ode 67.
[22] This is not from any one of the odes, which we have entire; but is only a fragment.
[23] From κείρω, to cut the hair.
[24] From the Æolus.
[25] Iliad, iii. 156.
[26] Ib. iii. 170.
[27] Ib. xx. 234.
[28] Ach. 524.
[29] Pind. Ol. 13.
[30] A σκολιὸν was a song which went round at banquets, sung to the lyre by the guests, one after another, said to have been introduced by Terpander; but the word is first found in Pind. Fr. lxxxvii. 9; Aristoph. Ach. 532. The name is of uncertain origin: some refer it to the character of the music, νόμος σκολιὸς, as opposed to νόμος ὔρθιος; others to the ῥυθμὸς σκολιὸς, or amphibrachic rhythm recognised in many scolia; but most, after Dicæarchus and Plutarch, from the irregular zigzag way it went round the table, each guest who sung holding a myrtle-branch, which he passed on to any one he chose.—Lid. & Scott, Gr. Lex. in voc.
[31] These are the second and third lines of the Electra of Sophocles.
[32] The Kids was a constellation rising about the beginning of October, and supposed by the ancients to bring storms. Theocritus says—
χὤταν ἐφ' ἑσπερίοις ἐρίφοις νότος ὑγρὰ διώκῃ κύματα.—vii. 53.
[33] Θάλλος means "a young twig."
[34] There is a pun here on her name,—Ἵππη meaning a mare.
[35] Λάκκος, a cistern; a cellar.
[36] This is a pun on the similarity of the name Σίγειον to σιγὴ, silence.
[37] Γραῦς means both an old woman, and the scum on boiled milk.
[38] Ὑστέρα means both "the womb," and "the new comer."
[39] Punning on the similarity of the name Αἰγεὺς to αἲξ, a goat.
[40] Punning on the similarity of κατατράγω, to eat, and τράγος, a goat.
[41] The Greek word is ψυχαγωγοῦσι, which might perhaps also mean to bring coolness, from ψῦχος, coolness.
[42] The young man says πολλαῖς συμπέπλεχθαι (γύναιξι scil.), but Phryne chooses to suppose that he meant to say πολλαῖς πληγαῖς, blows.
[43] This is a pun on the name Φειδίας, as if from φείδω, to be stingy.
[44] Anticyra was the name of three islands celebrated as producing a great quantity of hellebore. Horace, speaking of a madman, says:
Si tribus Anticyris caput insanabile nunquam
Tonsori Licino commiserit.—A. P. 300.
[45] This probably means a large crane.
[46] From κλαίω, to weep, and γέλως, laughter.
[47] That is, With beautiful Eyelids; from χάρις, grace, and βλέφαρον, an eyelid.
[48] The universal Friend.
[49] Λήμη literally means the matter which gathers in the corner of the eyes; λήμαι, sore eyes. Παρόραμα means an oversight, a defect in sight; but there is supposed to be some corruption in this latter word.
[50] Rharia was a name of Ceres, from the Rharian plain near Eleusis, where corn was first sown by Triptolemus, the son of Rharus. It is mentioned by Homer:—
ἐς δ' ἄρα Ῥάριον ἷξε, φερέσβιον οὖθαρ ἀρούρης
τὸ πρίν, ἄταρ τότε γ' οὔτι φερέσβιον, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλον
εἱστήκι πανάφυλλον, ἔκευθε δ' ἄρα κρῖ λευκὸν
μήδεσι Δήμητρος καλλισφύρου.—Od. in Cerer. 450.
[51] Anacreon.
[52] Sophocles.
[53] V. 3.
[54] This is not from the Hippolytus, but is a fragment from the Auge.
[55] From ἁρπάζω, to carry off.
[56] "Of far greater importance was the public hospitality (προξενία) which existed between two states, or between an individual or a family on the one hand, and a whole state on the other.... When two states established public hospitality, it was necessary that in each state persons should be appointed to show hospitality to, and watch over the interests of all persons who came from the state connected by hospitality. The persons who were appointed to this office, as the recognised agents of the state for which they acted, were called πρόξενοι....
"The office of πρόξενοσ, which bears great resemblance to that of a modern consul, or minister resident, was in some cases hereditary in a particular family. When a state appointed a proxenus, it either sent out one of its own citizens to reside in the other state, or it selected one of the citizens of the other, and conferred on him the honour of proxenus.... This custom seems in later times to have been universally adopted by the Greeks....
"The principal duties of a proxenus were to receive those persons, especially ambassadors, who came from the state which he represented; to procure for them admission to the assembly, and seats in the theatre; to act as the patron of the strangers, and to mediate between the two states, if any dispute arose. If a stranger died in the state, the proxenus of his country had to take care of the property of the deceased. The proxenus usually enjoyed exemption from taxes; and their persons were inviolable both by sea and land."—Smith, Dict. Ant. v. Hospitium, p. 491.
[57] Pindar, Ol. vi. 71.
[58] Homer gives this epithet to Aurora, Iliad, i. 477, and in many other places.
[59] Schweighauser says this word is to him totally unintelligible.
[60] This would have been 18 per cent. Three drachmæ were about 36 per cent. The former appears to have been the usual rate of interest at Athens in the time of Lysias; for we find in Demosthenes that interest ἐπὶ δραχμῇ , that is to say, a drachma a month interest for each mina lent, was considered low. It was exceedingly common, however, among the money-lenders, to exact an exorbitant rate of interest, going even as high as a drachma every four days.—See Smith's Dict. Ant. v. Interest, p. 524.
BOOK XIV.
1. Most people, my friend Timocrates, call Bacchus frantic, because those who drink too much unmixed wine become violent.
To copious wine this insolence we owe,
And much thy betters wine can overthrow
The great Eurytion, when this frenzy stung,
Pirithous' roofs with frantic riot rung:
Boundless the Centaur raged, till one and all
The heroes lose and dragg'd him from the hall;