[lines 365–80] are not in the first edition.
[Contracting regal power to stretch their own.] ‘It is the interest of the great, therefore, to diminish kingly power as much as possible; because whatever they take from it is naturally restored to themselves; and all they have to do in a state, is to undermine the single tyrant, by which they resume their primaeval authority.’ (Vicar of Wakefield, 1766, i. 202, ch. xix.)
[When I behold, etc.] Prior compares a passage in Letter xlix of The Citizen of the World, 1762, i. 218, where the Roman senators are spoken of as still flattering the people ‘with a shew of freedom, while themselves only were free.’
[Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law.] Prior notes a corresponding utterance in The Vicar of Wakefield, 1766, i. 206, ch. xix:—‘What they may then expect, may be seen by turning our eyes to Holland, Genoa, or Venice, where the laws govern the poor, and the rich govern the law.’
[I fly from petty tyrants to the throne.] Cf. Dr. Primrose, ut supra, p. 201:—‘The generality of mankind also are of my way of thinking, and have unanimously created one king, whose election at once diminishes the number of tyrants, and puts tyranny at the greatest distance from the greatest number of people.’ Cf. also Churchill, The Farewell, ll. 363–4 and 369–70:—
Let not a Mob of Tyrants seize the helm,
Nor titled upstarts league to rob the realm...
Let us, some comfort in our griefs to bring,
Be slaves to one, and be that one a King.
[lines 393–4.] Goldsmith’s first thought was—
Yes, my lov’d brother, cursed be that hour
When first ambition toil’d for foreign power,—
an entirely different couplet to that in the text, and certainly more logical. (Dobell’s Prospect of Society, 1902, pp. xi, 2, and Notes, v, vi). Mr. Dobell plausibly suggests that this Tory substitution is due to Johnson.
[Have we not seen, etc.] These lines contain the first idea of the subsequent poem of The Deserted Village (q.v.).