CHEST. — The chest of a dog must not be confounded with the brisket; the breast or chest extends between the fore-legs from the brisket to the belly.
Cheeky. — When the cheek bumps are strongly defined; thick in cheek.
Chaps or Chops. — The pendulous lips of the Bulldog; the foreface of a Bulldog.
Cobby. — Well ribbed up; short and compact.
Cloddy or Cobby. — Thick-set, short-coupled and low in stature.
Couplings. — The length or space between the tops of the shoulder-blades and tops of the hip-joints, or buckle-bones. A dog is accordingly spoken of as long or short "in the couplings."
Cow-hocked. — The hocks turning inward; hocks that turn in, like those of a cow.
Cushion. — Fulness in the top lips.
Crook-tail. — The crooked tail of a Bulldog.
Crank-tail. — Same as above.
Culotte. — The feather on the thighs, as in the Schipperke and Pomeranian.
Character. — The combination of points contributing to the whole make-up and giving to a dog that which is desired in his particular variety.
Corky. — Compact and active looking; springy and lively in action.
Dew-claws. — The extra claws found occasionally on the legs of all breeds, but especially of the St. Bernard; the superfluous claws inside the hind-leg just above the foot.
Dewlap. — Pendulous skin under the throat as in case of Blood-hound.
Dish-faced. — This term describes a dog whose nasal bone is higher at the nose than at the stop — a feature not infrequently seen in pointers.
Dudley-nose. — A flesh-colored nose.
Domed Skull. — Round skull.
Deep in Brisket. — Deep in chest; deep from withers to point where chest and brisket meet.
ELBOW. — The joint at the top of the forearm.
Elbows Out or "Out at Elbows." — This term defines itself. Bulldogs and Dachshunde are desirable with elbows so shaped, but it may occur as a fault through weakness.
Expression. — The expression of a dog is largely but not wholly determined by the size, angular position, and degree of prominence of the eye. For instance in a St. Bernard the eye is small, somewhat sunken, showing a little haw. This gives a dignified and rather benevolent expression. "Collie expression" depends largely on the angle at which eyes are set to each other.
Feather. — The fringe of hair on the back of legs of some breeds, notably Setters, Spaniels, and Sheep-dogs. The feathering on legs, as in the Setter and Spaniel.
Flag. — The tail of a Setter.
Flews. — The chops, or overhanging lips of the upper jaw. The term is chiefly applied to hounds or other deep-mouthed dogs. The lips.
FOREARM. — This makes the principal length of the fore-leg and extends from elbow to pastern.
Frill. — The long hair on the brisket of some dogs, and especially of the Collie. The profuse hair under the neck.
Frog-face or Down-face. — Nose not receding.
Flat-sided. — Flat in ribs; opposite of well-ribbed up.
Grizzle. — A bluish-gray color.
Hare-foot. — Foot like that of a hare, long and narrow.
Haw. — The red inside eyelid, usually hidden, but visible in Bloodhounds and St. Bernards; the red membrane inside the lower eyelid.
HOCKS. — The lower joint of hind-leg.
Height. — The height of a dog is measured at the shoulder, bending the head gently down. The proper method is to place the dog on level ground close by a wall, and to lay a flat rule across his shoulders so as to touch the wall; then measure to the point touched by the rule.
HUCKLE-BONES. — Tops of the hip-joints. The space between these and the tops of the shoulders is called the couplings.