[12]. Oregon Archives.
[13]. J. Quinn Thornton.
[14]. Conversation with A. Hinman, pioneer of 1844.
[15]. Messages of the Presidents, by Richardson, is authority for statements of Presidents.
[16]. Blaine’s Twenty Years in Congress.
[17]. Brief Treatise on Constitutional and Party Questions by S. A. Douglas. Reported by J. M. Cutts.
[18]. Congressional Globe is authority used for remaining discussions in congress.
[19]. Journal of the Constitutional Convention.
[20]. Reported in the Oregonian, 1857.