[33] Marine Gazette, May 30, 1865.
[34] An eleven-mill tax was levied at the last school meeting.
[35] Riggs says 1848; several old settlers say 1849.
[36] An address delivered before the University of Oregon, May 20, 1903.
[37] For 1870.
[38] Not reported by United States census prior to 1870. Values for this year in depreciated currency. To get true value, reduce one fifth.
[39] Made on farms only.
[40] This is on the authority of Savage.
[41] The Ramage was so called because it was constructed by Adam Ramage, who went to Philadelphia about 1790, and is believed to have been the first press builder in America. For many years he constructed all the presses used in this country. The posts and cross-pieces of the larger sizes of his early presses were made of wood, and the bed, platen, tracks, springs, screw, lever, etc., of iron. The largest Ramage press I ever saw had a bed 22x32 inches, with platen 16x22 inches. This was used in printing the Oregonian for the first four months of its life, December, 1850, to April, 1851, and required four impressions to perfect a paper—an impression for each page. Sixty to seventy perfect papers per hour was the limit of a pressman's capacity. During the summer of 1853 a wooden extension was added to the platen of the press by an Olympia (Wash.) mechanic, thus doubling its capacity. The extra strain upon the muscles of the pressman as a result of this enlargement caused the old machine to be dubbed a "man-killer."—George H. Himes.