[81] Ibid., 9 et seq.

[82] Williams, The middle kingdom, II, 261.

[83] Smith, Village life in China, 259.

[84] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 43.

[85] Smith, Village life in China, 237.

[86] Smith, Chinese characteristics, 175.

[87] Doolittle, Sketches of social life in China, Harper's Magazine, XXXI (1865), 442.

[88] Lee, When I was a boy in China, 47.

[89] Ibid., 34.

[90] Williams, The Middle kingdom, II, 89.