6. SCILICET seems difficult to explain in this context, and the translators ignore its presence. ILICET ('at once') should possibly be read: the corruption of the rarer word to the more common would be easy enough in view of the final s of the preceding istis.

7. MVTER F1 Bodleianus Canon. lat. 1, saec xiii Barberinus lat. 26, saec xiii. Muter is so much choicer than the better attested mittar that I have followed editors from Ciofanus to Merkel in printing it. Gronovius (Obseruationes III 1) made a strong case for muter, citing Virgil G II 50 (where however the meaning of mutata is disputed), Hor Sat II vii 63-64 'illa tamen se / non habitu mutatue loco peccatue superne', Claudian Rap Pros I 62 'rursus corporeos animae mutantur in artus' (where mittuntur is a variant reading, which Hall prints), and from Ovid Tr V ii 73-74 'hinc ego dum muter, uel me Zanclaea [Politianus: Panchea codd] Charybdis / deuoret aque [Heinsius: atque codd] suis ad Styga mittat aquis', and EP I i 79 'inque locum Scythico uacuum mutabor ab arcu'; compare as well Cic Balb 31 'ne quis inuitus ciuitate mutetur' and Livy V 46 11 'quod nec iniussu populi mutari finibus posset'.

11. SI QVID EA EST. See at i 17 si quid ea est ([p 153]).

11. BENE. 'Profitably'. Compare Tac Ann III 44 'miseram pacem uel bello bene mutari'. The word in this sense is generally used in describing good commercial investments: see Plautus Cur 679-80 'argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant, / nam et bene et male credi dico', Sen Suas VII v 'si bene illi pecunias crediderunt faeneratores', Cic II Verr V 56 'ut intellegerent Mamertini bene se apud istum tam multa pretia ac munera conlocasse', and Livy II 42 8.

11. COMMVTABITVR. Commutare was a commercial term: it is used of selling at Cic Clu 129 'ad perniciem innocentis fidem suam et religionem pecunia commutarit', Columella XII 26 2 'reliquum mustum ... aere commutato', Dig II xv 8 24 'si uinum pro oleo uel oleum pro uino uel quid aliud commutauit', and CIL I 585 27.

12. SI QVID ET INFERIVS QVAM STYGA MVNDVS HABET. Professor R. J. Tarrant notes another instance of the same idea at Sen Thy 1013-14 'si quid infra Tartara est / auosque nostros'.

13. GRAMINA. 'Weeds'. Compare Met V 485-86 'lolium tribulique fatigant / triticeas messes et inexpugnabile gramen' and Tr V xii 24 'nil nisi cum spinis gramen habebit ager'; TLL VI.2 2165 65 notes as well Columella IV 4 5 'omnesque herbas et praecipue gramina extirpare, quae nisi manu eleguntur ... reuiuiscunt'.

CARMINA, the reading of C, is a frequent corruption of gramina, occurring as a variant at Met II 841 & XIV 44 and Fast VI 749; it gives no obvious sense in this passage. Bentley's FLAMINA is ingenious but unattractive.

14. MARTICOLIS is possibly an Ovidian innovation, being found elsewhere only at Tr V iii 21-22 'adusque niuosum / Strymona uenisti Marticolamque Geten'.

14. NASO. The use of the third person adds to the emotive power of the tricolon 'ager ... hirundo ... Naso'.