[Bugge], Norwegian philologist, professor at Christiania; b. 1833.
[Buhl], ornamental work for furniture, which takes its name from the inventor (see [infra]), consisted in piercing or inlaying metal with tortoise-shell or enamel, or with metals of another colour; much in fashion in Louis XIV.'s reign.
[Buhl, Charles André], an Italian cabinet-maker, inventor of the work which bears his name (1642-1732).
[Bukowina] (640), a small prov. and duchy in the E. of Austria-Hungary; rich in minerals, breeds cattle and horses.
[Bulgaria], with Eastern Roumelia (3,154), constitutes a Balkan principality larger than Ireland, with hills and fertile plains in the N., mountains and forests in the S.; Turkey is the southern boundary, Servia the western, the Danube the northern, while the Black Sea washes the eastern shores. The climate is mild, the people industrious; the chief export is cereals; manufactures of woollens, attar of roses, wine and tobacco, are staple industries; the chief import is live stock. Sofia (50), the capital, is the seat of a university. Varna (28), on the Black Sea, is the principal port. Bulgaria was cut out of Turkey and made independent in 1878, and Eastern Roumelia incorporated with it in 1885.
[Bull], an edict of the Pope, so called from a leaden seal attached to it.
[Bull, George], bishop of St. Davids, born at Wells; a stanch Churchman; wrote "Harmonia Apostolica" in reconciliation of the teachings of Paul and James on the matter of justification, and "Defensio Fidei Nicenæ," in vindication of the Trinity as enunciated in the [Athanasian Creed] (q. v.), and denied or modified by Arians, Socinians, and Sabellians (1634-1709).
[Bull, John], a humorous impersonation of the collective English people, conceived of as well-fed, good-natured, honest-hearted, justice-loving, and plain-spoken; the designation is derived from Arbuthnot's satire, "The History of John Bull," in which the Church of England figures as his mother.
[Bull, Ole Bornemann], a celebrated violinist, born in Bergen, Norway, pupil of Paganini; was a wise man at making money, but a fool in spending it (1810-1880).
[Bull Run], a stream in Virginia, U.S., 25 m. from Washington, where the Union army was twice defeated by the Confederate, July 1861 and August 1862.