[Chæronea], a town in Boeotia, where Philip of Macedon defeated the Athenians, and extinguished the liberties of Greece.
[Chalais, Count de], a favourite of Louis XIII., accused of conspiracy against Richelieu, arrested at Nantes, and beheaded (1599-1626).
[Chalaza], one of the two filaments attached to the ends of the yoke of an egg to steady it in the albumen.
[Chalcedon], a city of Bithynia, at the entrance of the Thracian Bosphorus, where the fourth Council of the Church was held in 451, which defined the orthodox conception of Christ as God-man.
[Chalcidicé], the 3-fingered peninsula of the Balkan territory stretching into the Ægean Sea.
[Chalcis], the ancient capital of Euboea or Negropont.
[Chaldea], ancient name for Babylonia.
[Chalier], a Piedmontese, head of the party of the Mountain at Lyons; his execution the signal for an insurrection at Lyons against the Convention (1747-1793).
[Challenger Expedition], a scientific expedition sent out by the British Government in the Challenger in 1872 in the interest of science, and under the management of scientific experts, to various stations over the globe, to explore the ocean, and ascertain all manner of facts regarding it open to observation, an expedition which concluded its operations in 1876, of which as many as 50 volumes of reports have been compiled.
[Challis, James], an astronomer, born in Essex, noted the position of the planet Neptune before its actual discovery (1803-1882).