[Inchkeith], an island in the Firth of Forth, in the county of Fife, 2½m. N. of Leith, and about ½ m. long, has a lighthouse with a revolving light, and fortifications to protect the Forth.
[Incitatus], the horse of [Caligula] (q. v.); had a house and a servant to itself, was fed from vessels of gold, admitted to the priesthood, and created a consul of Rome.
[Incledon, Charles Benjamin], a celebrated ballad-singer with a fine tenor voice, born in Cornwall (1763-1826).
[Incorruptible, The], [Robespierre] (q. v.), a man not to be seduced to betray his principles or party.
[Increment, Unearned], an expression denoting increase in the value of landed property due to increased demand and without any expenditure on the part of the proprietor.
[Independence, Declaration of], a declaration made July 4, 1776, by the North American States declaring their independence of Great Britain.
[Independence, The War of], the name given to the struggle which the North American colonists maintained against the mother country.
[Independence Day], a holiday observed throughout the United States annually on the 4th of July in celebration of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 that day.
[Independents] or Congregationalists are a Protestant sect deriving both names from their principle of government; repudiating both Episcopacy and Presbyterianism, they hold that every congregation should manage its own affairs, and elect its own officers independent of all authority save that of Christ; they profess to derive all rules of faith and practice from the Scriptures, and are closely akin to Presbyterians in doctrine. Numerous as early as Queen Elizabeth's time, they suffered persecution then; many fled or were banished to Holland, whence the Mayflower conveyed the Pilgrim Fathers to New England in 1620. Regaining ascendency under Cromwell, they again suffered at the Restoration; but political disabilities then imposed have gradually been removed, and now they are the most vigorous Dissenting body in England. The congregations in the English Union (a union for common purposes and mutual help) number 4700, those in the Scottish Union 100.
[Index Expurgatorius], a list of books issued by the Church of Rome, which, as hostile to her teaching, are placed under her ban, and are under penalties forbidden to be read. The first list published was by Pope Paul IV. in 1557, and in 1562 the Council of Trent appointed a committee whose special business it should be to draw up a complete list of obnoxious writings, a work which it fell to Paul IV. to finish after the sittings of the Council came to a close in an index issued in 1564.