[Ingraham, Joseph Holt], author of "The Prince of the House of David," born at Portland, Maine; after some years spent at sea, became a teacher of languages in Mississippi, and was ordained Episcopal clergyman in 1855; prior to his ordination he wrote stories of adventure, "Captain Kyd," &c., but subsequently confined himself to biblical subjects (1809-1860).
[Ingres, Jean Dominique Auguste], a great French painter, born at Montauban; studied in Paris; in 1806 went to Rome, and 14 years after to Florence, but became professor of Fine Arts at the Academy in Paris in 1824; wounded by hostile criticisms he left Paris for Rome again in 1834, where he became Director of the French Academy in Rome; in 1841 he returned to Paris, where he died; he followed his master David in his choice of classical subjects, but his work met with varied reception, now favourable, now the reverse; the "Portrait of Cherubini," and other pictures, however, won for him great admiration in his later days; he was made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (1781-1867).
[Ingulph], abbot of Croyland, long credited with the authorship of a history of the monastery, which has since been proved to be a fabrication of a later date, of probably the 13th or 14th century; he was appointed abbot in 1080; d. 1109.
[Inkermann], a small Tartar village E. of Sebastopol harbour; the scene of a battle between the Russians and allied forces, to the defeat of the former after a prolonged struggle on 5th November 1854.
[Inner Temple]. See [Inns of Court].
[Innes, Cosmo], lawyer and antiquary, born at Durris, of an old Scotch family; professor of History in Edinburgh University; author of "Scotland in the Middle Ages," "Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities," and "Sketches of Early Scotch History" (1798-1874).
[Innes, Thomas (Father Innes)] Scotch historian, born in Aberdeenshire, educated at Paris; became a priest in 1692; after three years' service in Banffshire he returned to Paris, where he held a scholastic appointment till his death; in politics a Jacobite, in religious matters he had leanings to the Jansenist heresy; a diligent student of Scottish history, he produced the earliest scientific Scoto-historical works; his "Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of Scotland" and "Civil and Ecclesiastical History of Scotland" (unfinished), display honesty and penetration (1662-1744).
[Innisfail], an ancient name of Ireland.
[Innocent], the name of 13 Popes: Innocent I., Pope from 402 to 417; Innocent II., Pope from 1130 to 1143; Innocent III., Pope from 1198 to 1216; Innocent IV., Pope from 1243 to 1254; Innocent V., Pope in 1276; Innocent VI., Pope from 1352 to 1362, resided at Avignon; Innocent VII., Pope from 1404 to 1406; Innocent VIII., Pope from 1484 to 1492; Innocent IX., Pope in 1591; Innocent X., Pope from 1644 to 1655, condemned Jansenism; Innocent XI., Pope from 1676 to 1689; Innocent XII., Pope from 1691 to 1700; Innocent XIII., Pope from 1721 to 1724; of these there were two of note.