History of circumcision from the earliest times to the present

by P. C. Remondino

[46] “Dictionaire des Sciences Médicales,” vol. xxxi., page 41.

[47] British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, vol. xviii, 1856.

[48] “L’Hermaphrodite devant le Code Civil.” Debierre.

[49] Sir Thomas Brown’s works, vol. ii, “Religio Medici.”

[50] “The Bible and other Ancient Literature in the Nineteenth Century.” L. T. Townsend, D.D. Chautauqua press, 1889. See pages 32-45.

[51] “The Religions of the Ancient World.” George Rawlinson, M.A. Alden edition of 1885. Page 174.

[52] “The Intellectual Development of Europe.” John W. Draper. Vol. ii, page 113.

[53] Ibid. vol. ii, page 122.

[54] In “Clarke’s Commentary,” vol. i, page 113, the reason of choosing the eighth day is given. Circumcision was not only a covenant, but an offering to God; and all born, whether human or animal, were considered unclean previous to the eighth day. Neither calf, lamb, or kid was offered to God until it was eight days old.—Lev., xxii, 27.

[55] A father circumcised his children and the master his slaves. In case of neglect the operation was performed by the magistrate. If its neglect was unknown to the magistrate, then it became the duty of the Hebrew, upon arriving of age, to either do it himself or have it done.—“Clarke’s Commentary,” vol. i, page 113.