It is superfluous to say anything about the engravings contained in this volume. They have been selected with the same view that dictated the publication of those appearing in the two previous volumes—a desire to produce a living image of the past. Each volume forms a collection of archæological treasures got together after the most laborious research; they are attractive to the eye, full of interest and instruction, and we feel that our readers will have in them a complete museum such as has not hitherto been within their reach.

PAUL LACROIX.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page
FEUDALISM[1]
Origin.—Barbaric Laws.—Enfeoffment.—Charlemagne and the Church.—First Construction of Strongholds.—Vassal and Suzerain.—Feudal Eights.—The Truce of God.—Feudal Churches and Abbeys.—Communal Principles.—New Townships.—Origin of the French Bourgeoisie.—The English Magna Charta.—Alienation of Fiefs.—Liberation of the Serfs.—Imperial Cities.—Feudal Rights of the Bishops.—St. Louis.—Wars between France and England.—La Bulle d’Or.—The States-General.—Origin of the Third Estate.
WAR AND ARMIES[38]
The Invasions of the Barbarians.—Attila.—Theodoric seizes Italy.—Organizations of Military Fiefs.—Defences of Towns.—Totila and his Tactics.—The Military Genius of Charlemagne.—Military Vassalage.—Communal Militia.—Earliest Standing Armies.—Loss of Technical Tradition.—The Condottieri.—The Gendarmerie.—The Lances Fournies.—Weakening of Feudal Military Obligations.—The French Army in the Time of Louis XI. and his Successors.—Absence of Administrative Arrangement.—Reforms.—Mercenary Troops.—Siege Operations and Engines.
NAVAL MATTERS[74]
Old Traditions: Long Vessels and Broad Vessels.—The Dromon.—The Galéasse.—The Coque.—Caracks and Galleons.—Francis I.’s Great Carack.—Caravelles.—The Importance of a Fleet.—Hired Fleets.—Poop Guards.—Naval Laws.—Seaport Tribunals.—Navigation in the open Seas.—The Boussole.—Armament of Men-of-war.—Towers and Ballistic Engines.—Artillery.—Naval Strategy.—Decorations and Magnificent Appointments of Vessels.—Sails and Flags.—The Galley of Don Juan of Austria.—Sailors’ Superstitions.—Discipline and Punishments.
THE CRUSADES[104]
Arab Conquest of the Holy Land.—Swarm of Pilgrims in the Year 1000.—Turkish Invasion of Judea.—Persecution of the Christians.—Pope Silvester II.—Expedition of the Pisans and the Genoese.—Peter the Hermit.—Letter from Simeon the Patriarch to Pope Urban II.—First Crusade.—Expedition of “Gautier sans Avoir.”—Godefroi de Bouillon.—The Kingdom of Jerusalem.—Second Crusade.—St. Bernard.—Third Crusade: Philip Augustus and Richard Cœur-de-Lion.—Fourth Crusade.—Fifth and Sixth Crusades.—Louis IX. turns Crusader.—Seventh Crusade.—St. Louis taken Prisoner.—Eighth and last Crusade.—Death of St. Louis.—Results of the Crusades.
CHIVALRY (Duels and Tournaments)[136]
Origin of Chivalry.—Its different Characteristics.—Chivalric Gallantry.—Chivalry and Nobility.—Its Relations with the Church.—Education of the Children of the Nobility.—Squires.—Chivalric Exercises.—Pursuivants at Arms.—Courts and Tribunals of Love.—Creation of Knights.—Degradation of Knights.—Judicial Duels.—Trials by Ordeal.—Feudal Champions.—Gages of Battle.—The Church forbids Duels.—Tournaments invented by the Sire de Preuilly in the Tenth Century.—Arms used in a Tournament.—Tilt.—Lists.—The part taken by Ladies.—King René’s Book.
MILITARY ORDERS[172]
Pierre Gérard founds the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; History of that Order.—The Siege of Rhodes.—History of the Order of the Knights Templars.—Order of the Knights of Calatrava.—Order of the Teuton Knights.—Order of the Knights of the Golden Fleece.—Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus.—Orders of the Star, of the Cosse de Geneste, of the Ship, of St. Michael, and of the Holy Ghost.
LITURGY AND CEREMONIES[203]
Prayer.—Liturgy of St. James, of St. Basil, and of St. John Chrysostom.—Apostolical Constitutions.—The Sacrifice of the Mass.—Administration of Baptism.—Canonical Penances.—Plan and Arrangement of Churches.—Ecclesiastical Hierarchy.—The Ceremony of Ordination.—Church Bells.—The Tocsin.—The Poetry of Gothic Churches.—Breviary and Missal of Pius V.—Ceremonies used at the Seven Sacraments.—Excommunication.—The Bull In Cœnâ Domini.—Processions and Mystery Plays at the Easter Solemnities.—Instrument of Peace.—Consecrated Bread.—The Pyx.—The Dove.
THE POPES[245]
Influence of the Papacy in the Reformation of Early Society.—St. Leo the Great.—Origin of the Temporal Power of the Popes.—Gregory the Great.—The Iconoclastic Emperors.—Stephen III. delivered by France.—Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the West.—Photius.—The Diet of Worms.—Gregory VII.; his Plan for a Christian Republic.—Urban II.—The Crusades.—Calixtus II.; Termination of the Dispute as to Investiture.—Innocent III.—Struggle of Boniface VIII. against Philippe le Bel.—The Great Western Schism.—Council of Florence.—Battle of Lepanto.—Council of Trent.
THE SECULAR CLERGY[274]
The Minor and the Major Orders in the Early Centuries of the Church.—Establishment of Tithes originally voluntary, and afterwards obligatory.—Influence of the Bishops.—Supremacy of the See of Rome.—Form of Episcopal Oath in the Early Centuries.—Reform of Abuses by the Councils.—Remarkable sayings of Charlemagne and Hincmar.—Public Education created by the Church.—The Establishment of the Communes favoured by the Bishops.—The Beaumont Law.—Struggle with the Bourgeoisie in the Fifteenth Century.—The Council of Trent.—Institution of Seminaries.
THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS[299]
The First Monks.—St. Anthony and his Disciples.—St. Pachomius and St. Athanasius.—St. Eusebius and St. Basilius.—Cenobitism in the East and in the West.—St. Benedict and the Benedictine Code.—Monkish Dress.—St. Columba.—List of the Monasteries in Charlemagne’s Time.—Services rendered by the Monks to Civilisation, Arts, and Letters.—Reform of the Religious Orders in the Twelfth Century.—St. Norbert.—St. Bernard.—St. Dominic.—St. Francis of Assisi.—The Carmelites.—The Bernardines.—The Barnabites.—The Jesuits.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS[339]
Christian Charity in the First Centuries of the Church.—The Eastern Empresses.—The Holy Roman Ladies.—Olympiade, Melanie, Marcella, and Paula.—Charity at the Court of the Franks.—St. Margaret of Scotland and Matilda of England.—Hedwige of Poland.—Origin of the Lazar-houses.—The Lazarists in France and in England.—Progress and Vicissitudes of the Order of St. Lazarus.—The Foundations of St. Louis.—The Order of Mercy founded by St. Nolasque.—St. Catherine of Sienna and St. Francis.—Bernardin Obrégon.—Jean de Dieu.—Philippe de Néri.—Antoine Yvan.
PILGRIMAGES[362]
The first Pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome.—The Worship of the Martyrs.—Pilgrims’ Hospitals.—Images of the Virgin Mary.—Relics brought from the East by the Crusaders.—Celebrated Pilgrimages of Early Days.—The Roman Basilicas.—St. Nicholas de Bari.—Notre-Dame de Tersatz.—St. Jacques de Compostella.—Notre-Dame du Puy, de Liesse, de Chartres, de Rocamadour.—Pilgrimages in France, Germany, Poland, Russia, and Switzerland.
HERESIES[394]
The real Meaning of the word Heresy.—The Heretics of the Apostolic Days.—Simon the Magician.—Cerinthus.—The Nicolaitans.—The Gnostics.—The Schools of Philosophy of Byzantium, Antioch, and Alexandria.—Julian the Apostate.—The Pelagians and the semi-Pelagians.—Nestorius.—Eutyches.—The Iconoclasts.—Amaury.—Gilbert de la Porrée.—Abelard.—Arnold of Brescia.—The Albigenses.—The Waldenses.—The Flagellants.—Wickliff.—John Huss.—Jerome of Prague.—Luther.—Henry VIII. and the Anglican Church.—Calvin.
THE INQUISITION[423]
General Principles of the Inquisition; its Existence amongst the Greeks and Romans.—The Papal Inquisition.—The Inquisition in France.—The Albigenses.—The Royal Spanish Inquisition; its Political Purposes; it is opposed by the Popes.—Inquisitors of Toledo excommunicated by Leo X.—The Holy Hermandad.—The Spies of the Inquisition.—The Holy Office and the Supreme.—The Prisons of the Inquisition.—The Auto-da-fé.—The Inquisition in the Netherlands.—The Protestant Inquisition in Holland, Germany, France, England, and Switzerland.
BURIALS AND FUNERAL CEREMONIES[447]
Embalming and Incineration of Bodies amongst the Ancients.—Interment brought into practice by Christianity.—The Wrapping of the Dead in Shrouds.—The Direction in which the Bodies were laid.—Absolution Crosses.—Funeral Furniture.—Coffins and Sarcophagi in the Middle Ages.—Funereal Sculpture and Architecture, from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century.—The Catacombs at Rome.—Charnel-houses in the Churches.—Public Cemeteries.—The Cemetery of the Innocents, Paris.—Lanterns for the Dead.—Funerals of the Kings and Queens of France.—The Rolls of the Dead.—Consoling Thought of the Resurrection and of Eternal Life.

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page
Abbatial Ring and Cross of St. Waudru,[312]
Abbey of Saint-Germain des Prés, View of the, in 1361,[13]
Abbey of Saint-Germain des Prés, North View of the, Seventeenth Century,[320]
Abbey of St. Riquier, The, near Abbeville,[311]
Abbey-Church of the Magdalen, at Vézelai,[120]
Absolution Crosses of the Eleventh Century,[453]
Act of Faith and Homage, Thirteenth Century,[8]
Adoration of the Lamb, The,[Frontispiece]
  „  „  Magi, The,[241]
Altar of the Cathedral of Arras, Thirteenth Century,[243]
Altar-piece at Mareuil-en-Brie,[218], [219]
Amaury’s Disciples burnt by order of Philip Augustus,[404]
Angels praying over a Skull, Fourteenth Century,[298]
Anne of Brittany, Funeral Service of,[495]
Antilles, Discovery of the, by Columbus,[92]
Antioch, Plan of, in the Thirteenth Century,[130]
Antwerp, View of the Port of,[87]
Arming a Knight,[143]
Armogenes, the Magician,[383]
Arquebusier of the Sixteenth Century,[61]
Artois, The Count of, presenting himself at the Castle of the Count of Boulogne,[149]
Artus, King, fighting a Giant,[137]
Assault on a Fortified Place,[135]
“Au juste poids véritable balance”,[391]
Auto-da-fé Procession, in Spain,[436]
Babylon the Great,[396]
Ballista,[73]
Banner of St. Denis, Representations of the,[60]
Banner of the City of Strasburg, Thirteenth Century,[386]
Banner of a Flemish Lazaretto,[353]
Baptism of the Saxons conquered by Charlemagne,[213]
Barbarian (Mounted) in the Roman Service,[4]
Basilius the Great, Dream of,[400]
Battering-ram,[71]
Battle of Auray, The,[54]
  „  Dreux, The,[62]
  „  Lepanto, Plan of the,[96]
  „  Tolbiac, The,[2]
Beacon in the Cemetery of Antigny, Fifteenth Century,[486]
Beacon in the Cemetery of Ciron, Twelfth Century,[486]
Beacon in the Cemetery of Fèniou, Eleventh Century,[486]
Beatrix Cornel, Tomb of,[182]
Beguin,[329]
  „  Convent at Ghent, the Great,[328]
Beheaded Knight holding his Head in his Hands,[467]
Bucentaure, The,[77]
Bull with which Boniface VIII. sealed his Letters,[273]
Burial among the Franks, Mode of,[451]
Caltrop, or Crow’s-foot,[66]
Calvin, John,[419]
Caricature of the Third Century,[206]
Castle of Angoulême, Thirteenth Century,[6]
  „  Loches, Doorways of the Old,[37]
  „  Pierrefonds, View overlooking the,[11]
Catapult,[72]
Celebration of Mass, The, in an Oratory, Ninth Century,[277]
Celtic Burial,[451]
Champion of the Tournament, The,[166]
Chandelier of the Virgin,[217]
Chanter or Psalmist, The, Minor Order,[274]
Chapel of Pilgrimage, Thanksgiving in a,[384]
Chaplet of Beads in Carved Ivory, and Girdle, Sixteenth Century,[330]
Charlemagne, Statue of, Eleventh Century,[5]
Charles the Bold, Great Seal of, Fifteenth Century,[55]
Charles VI. fulfilling his Vow to Our Lady of Hope,[388]
Charter of William the White-handed, Commencement of the,[295]
Chasuble, Mitre, and Stole of St. Thomas à Becket, Cloth and Embroidery of the Twelfth Century,[225]
Château de la Panouze (Aveyron), Feudal Castle of the Twelfth Century,[10]
Chivalry, Allegorical Figures representing,[140]
Choir Candelabrum, Foot of a large, Thirteenth Century,[216]
Christ descending into Hell,[498]
  „ risen from the Dead,[504]
  „ victorious after Death, Eighth or Ninth Century,[449]
Christian Professor on his Death-bed, The,[497]
  „  Religion, The, assisting at the Death of Christ,[247]
Church of St. Antony, Padua,[216]
  „  the Holy Sepulchre, Façade of the,[106]
Clergy going in Procession before the Emperor, Fourth Century,[318]
Cloister of the Chartreuse, at Pavia,[322]
Clovis, Baptism of,[2]
Coffer containing the Hair-cloths of St. Louis, Thirteenth Century,[371]
Concordat of Cambrio, Title of the (1466),[296]
Conferring Knighthood on the Field of Battle,[141]
Consecration of St. Remigius, Bishop of Rheims,[283]
Constantinople, Second taking of, in 1204,[123]
Coque, The,[79]
Coronation of an Emperor by the Pope, Sixteenth Century,[256]
Cosmas and Damianus relieving a Sick Man,[343]
Council held to commemorate the Second Council of Nice, Tenth Century,[249]
Council of Vienne,[190]
Cross of the Bureau Family,[476]
Crown of Thorns, The, brought into France,[375]
  „  „  „  worn by Jesus Christ,[393]
Cruelties committed by the Gueux,[440]
Cruet, silver-gilt, First or Second Century,[208]
Crusaders at Damietta, Disembarkation of the,[126]
Crypt of the Chapel of St. Agnes, in the Catacombs at Rome,[474]
Daggers with Moorish Blades and Flemish Handles,[45]
Dalmatic said to have belonged to Leo III.,[255]
Dance of Death, The,[478–483]
Death of St. Benedict,[496]
  „  Mahomet II.,[178]
Dedication of the Church of the Monastery of St. Martin des Champs, Paris,[321]
Degradation of a Knight,[154]
Designs of Armour,[170]
Distribution of Banners and Helmets,[164]
Diver, The,[91]
Don Juan of Austria,[133]
Doorkeeper, The, Minor Order,[275]
Doria, Andrew,[88]
Dove suspended above the Altar, Thirteenth Century,[244]
Dresses worn by Prisoners of the Inquisition,[437]
Duel concerning the Honour of Ladies,[157]
Earthen Vases found at Florence in 1863,[187]
Ecclesiastical Tonsure, The,[279]
Edward the Confessor, Funeral of,[490]
Entry of Louis VIII. and the Pope’s Legate into Avignon,[406]
Eudes, Bishop, from the Bayeux Tapestry,[47]
Excesses committed by the Huguenots, Allegorical Picture of the,[415]
Exorcism of a Catechumen, Fourth or Fifth Century,[212]
Exorcism of a Person possessed with a Demon,[414]
Exorcist, The, Minor Order,[275]
Farel, William,[420]
Ferrand of Portugal, Count of Flanders, being taken to Paris,[22]
Fight between Raymbault de Morueil and Gruyon de Losenne,[156]
Flemish Warrior, from the Ruins of St. Bavon, Ghent,[26]
Fortified Bridge of Lemantano, near Rome, Twelfth Century,[33]
Fortified Bridge from Valentré to Cahors,[18]
Fortified City of Carcassonne, Plan of the, Thirteenth Century,[18]
Fortress of the Knights Hospitallers, in Syria,[174]
French Caravel, Sixteenth Century,[84]
  „  Priory at Rhodes, Fifteenth Century,[181]
Fresco in the Cemetery of St. Pretextat,[475]
Funeral Service, Fourteenth Century,[453]
Funereal Lamps found in the Catacombs, Third Century,[276], [424]
Galley of the Sixteenth Century,[78]
  „ Slave,[90]
  „ Soldier,[90]
Gallic or Gallo-Roman Pottery,[455]
Gallo-Roman Lords of the Fourth Century,[3]
Gate of the Town of Aigues-Mortes,[17]
Gautier-sans-Avoir, Reception of, by the King of Hungary,[115]
German Foot-soldiers fighting, Sixteenth Century,[57]
German and Gallic Auxiliaries, Second Century,[40]
German Knight, Fifteenth Century,[147]
Godefroy de Bouillon, crowned with the Instruments of our Lord’s Passion,[117]
Godefroy de Bouillon, Tomb of,[118]
Golden Fleece, Chapter of the Order of the,[197]
Great Hospital at Milan,[357]
Greek Panagia,[370]
Gregory IX. handing the Decretals to an Advocate of the Consistory (1227–1241),[266]
Handbell, Romanesque perforated, Twelfth Century,[227]
Harold, King, Finding the Body of,[48]
Harvest of Souls, The, Twelfth Century,[450]
Henry of Anjou, Coronation of, as King of Poland,[291]
Henry I., Emperor of Germany, and one of his Generals,[368]
Henry II. wounded by Montgomery in a Tournament,[169]
Herald holding the Banners of the Referees,[164]
Heresy of the Flagellants,[407]
Hincmar, Bas-relief on the Tomb of,[289]
Holy Bit of Carpentras,[376]
Hospitality, Fifteenth Century,[340]
Huguenots against the Catholics, Violence of the,[421]
Huss, John,[412]
Italian Warriors of the Fifteenth Century,[58]
Judgement, The Day of,[502]
Jerome of Prague,[412]
Jewish Religion, The, assisting at the Death of Christ,[246]
King-at-arms proclaiming a Tournament,[163]
Knife for cutting Consecrated Bread,[242]
Knight, in Complete Armour, Sixteenth Century,[61]
Knight setting out for the War,[150]
Knight of Death, The,[476]
  „   Malta,[185]
  „   the Order of the Holy Sepulchre,[173]
  „   Rhodes,[173]
Knights of the Order of the Holy Ghost from Pure Intent,[358]
Knights awaiting from the Marshal the Signal to commence the Fight,[159]
Knights of Rhodes, Barracks of the,[180]
Knox, John,[416]
Last Supper, The, Eleventh Century,[209]
Legend of Christmas, Fifteenth Century,[221]
  „   St. Martin, The, Tapestry of the Thirteenth Century,[281]
Legend of the Passage of the Viaticum across a Bridge at Utrecht,[235]
Luther, Martin,[418]
Machine to break the Ranks of the Enemy[70]
   „   shoot Arrows,[70]
Man-at-arms, The,[51], [91]
Man-of-War, Henry VIII.’s time,[80]
   „   of the Sixteenth Century,[101]
Margaret of York, wife of Charles the Bold,[359]
Maria de Molina, Queen of Castille, handing to the Cistercian Nuns the Charter of Foundation for their Convent,[332]
Mary Magdalene, Removal of the Body of, to the Church of St. Vézelay (Yonne), Fifteenth Century,[387]
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, The,[416]
Maximilian of Austria, with his Wife and Son,[36]
Members of the Dominican Order, The most famous,[331]
Messenger bringing a Letter to the King’s Army,[52]
Messengers of the Sultan discussing with Christian Prisoners,[129]
Military Costumes from the Sixth to the Tenth Centuries,[42]
Miraculous Mass of St. Gregory the Great, Sixth Century,[210]
Monograms of Christ,[205]
Mons, Mauberge, and Nivelles, Foundation of the Abbeys of,[316]
Montefrio, Surrender of the Town of,[193]
Moorish Arms (Armeria Real, Madrid),[44]
Mortars or Movable Carriages,[65]
Mortuary Cloth from the Church of Folleville (Somme),[491]
Mortuary Roll of Vital, Founder of the Abbey of Savigny,[499]
Mosque of Cordova, Interior of the, Eighth Century,[434]
Mourning Costumes,[493]
Mystic Fountain, The, Eighth Century,[223]
Nail used in the Crucifixion of Our Lord,[376]
Nangasaki, The Great Martyrdom of (1622),[336]
Nicæa, Taking of, by the Crusaders,[116]
Norman Vessel, Eleventh Century,[76]
Offering a Child to an Abbot, Thirteenth Century,[313]
Orphan of the Venice Hospitals, Sixteenth Century,[356]
Orthodoxy surrounded by the Snares of Heresy,[398]
Our Lady of Boulogne,[390]
   „   Grace, Miraculous Image of, at Cambria,[389]
Our Lady of Grace sheltering the Grand Masters of the Order of Montessa,[192]
Our Lady of Mountserrat, Sixteenth Century,[381]
   „   Vladimir, Miraculous Image of,[370]
Painting symbolical of the Catacombs of Rome, First or Second Century,[207]
Pentecost,[240]
Peter the Hermit delivering a Message to Pope Urban II.,[112]
Philip Augustus, Consecration of,[290]
Philip the Bold in Royal Costume,[24]
Philip II., King of Spain,[439]
  „   „   „  Mausoleum of,[470]
Pilgrims of Emmaus, The,[374]
Plaintiff and Defendant taking Oath before the Judge, Fifteenth Century,[158]
Pontifical Galley,[98]
Poop of an Ancient Galley,[75]
Portrait of Countess Matilda,[260]
Prester-John and his Page,[109]
Priory of the Benedictines, Canterbury, Twelfth Century,[314]
Prize of the Tournament, The,[168]
Procession of the Host,[238]
   „     Knights of the Order of the Holy Ghost,[200]
Prows of Galleys armed with the Spur,[95]
Punishments decreed by Henry VIII. against the Catholics,[443]
Quintain, The Game of,[145]
Raised Stone, near Poitiers,[459]
Reapers of Death, The,[62]
Reception of a Knight of the Order of St. Michael,[199]
Refectory in the Priory of St. Martin des Champs, Thirteenth Century,[326]
Relics of St. Philip, Touching the,[378]
Reliquary in chased Copper, Thirteenth Century,[372]
Reliquary of the Holy Thorn, Thirteenth Century,[325]
Remier, Count, bearing the Body of St. Veronica to the Church of St. Waudru, in Mons,[366]
Rhodes, Plan of, Fifteenth Century,[176]
Richard Cœur-de-Lion mortally wounded while besieging the Castle of Chalus,[50]
Robert I., Duke of Normandy, on his Pilgrimage to Jerusalem,[373]
Robing a Bishop, The Ceremony of, Fourteenth Century,[285]
Rodolph of Hapsburg, Emperor of Germany, Equestrian Statue of,[35]
Rolling Tower for scaling the walls of towns,[66]
Sabbat, The,[410]
Sacrament of the Eucharist, The,[234]
Sacramental Cup, Twelfth Century,[233]
Sancha de Roxas,[195]
Seal of the Abbey of St. Denis,[317]
 „  „  Commune of Soissons,[15]
 „  Conon de Béthune, Twelfth Century,[7]
 „  Edward, Count of Rutland,[99]
 „  Gérard de Saint-Amand, Twelfth Century,[9]
Seal of an Imaginary Bull of Lucifer, Fifteenth Century,[422]
Seal of John, Bishop of Puy and Count of Velay (1305),[28]
Seal of John sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy[31]
  „  the Knights of Christ, Thirteenth Century,[189]
Seal of La Rochelle,[103]
  „  the Lord of Corbeil (1196),[20]
  „  the Monastery of St. Louis of Poissy,[338]
  „  the Town of Boston,[94]
  „    „   Dover,[85]
  „    „   Poole,[93]
  „    „   Sandwich,[89]
  „    „   Yarmouth,[86]
Servetus, Michael,[445]
Seven Christian Virtues, The, with their Symbols,[355]
Shield presented to Don Juan of Austria by Pius V.,[271]
Ship of Baptism, The, Sixteenth Century,[232]
Siege of Toulouse, Episode in the,[404]
 „  a Town: Summons to surrender,[67]
Single Combat to be decided by the Judgment of God,[161]
Sitting of the Council of Trent, 1555,[270]
Sixtus II. handing to St. Laurentius the Treasures of the Church to be distributed among the Poor,[341]
Soldier of the Time of Philippe le Bel,[51]
Soldiers of the German Bands,[64]
Solemn Entry of the Emperor Charles V. and Pope Clement VII. into Bologna, in 1529,[268], [269]
Solemn Procession for the Relief of the Town of Dijon,[239]
Solemn Reception of a Bishop, Fifteenth Century,[286]
Sovereign Pontiff, Public and Solemn Functions of the, Seventeenth Century,[264]
Spanish Caravel in which Columbus discovered America,[83]
Spanish Ship, Fifteenth Century,[81]
Spiritual and Temporal Powers, The, dependent upon Christ,[248]
St. Anthony of Padua commanding a Mule to adore the Eucharist,[334]
St. Anthony, a Statuette of the Third Century,[301]
St. Barbara,[364]
St. Benedict, History of,[305], [307]
   „   reproaching Totila, Fresco of the Thirteenth Century,[43]
St. Bernard taking possession of the Abbey of Clairvaux,[327]
St. Cecilia, and Valerian, her Spouse,[425]
St. Cesarius, Obsequies of,[489]
St. Denis carrying his head to the place of burial,[362]
St. Dominic and the Albigenses,[429]
St. Elizabeth of Hungary, Fifteenth Century,[348]
St. George and the Dragon,[202]
St. Jean des Vignes, Abbey of Regular Canons at Soissons (1076),[323]
St. Jerome in the Desert,[302]
St. John of Capistran,[132]
St. Louis and his Brothers made Prisoners by the Saracens,[128]
St. Louis at Carthage, Disembarkation of,[131]
  „  serving a Repast to the Poor,[351]
St. Michael the Archangel offering the Symbol of the Imperial Power to a Byzantine Emperor,[251]
St. Peter,[248]
St. Radegonde receiving the Religious Garb from the Bishop of Noyon,[309]
St. Savin and St. Cyprian before Maximus,[426]
   „    „   Martyrdom of,[427]
St. Theresa,[336]
St. Thomas defending the Monastic Orders, Fourteenth Century,[332]
St. Vincent de Paul,[360]
St. Wulfram, Bishop of Sens,[287]
State Gloves formerly in the possession of Louis XIII.,[201]
Stone Coffins,[457]
Sufferers from St. Vitus’ Dance going on a Pilgrimage,[392]
Superscription upon Our Lord’s Cross,[377]
Surrender of the Garrison of a Town,[68]
Sword of Isabella the Catholic,[139]
Symbols of the Trinity,[204]
Synagogue of Toledo, the Great, Third Century,[432]
Templar in Travelling Dress,[185]
Teutonic Knight,[196]
Thomas of Savoy granting a Charter to the Town of Cambrai,[16]
Three-masted Galley, Sixteenth Century,[82]
Three Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, and Penance,[231]
Three Sacraments: Marriage, Orders, and Extreme Unction,[236]
Tomb, Gallo-Roman,[452]
  „ of Adelaide or Alice, Countess of Hainault,[462]
Tomb of Alexander de Berneval, Architect of the Church of St. Ouen, at Rouen,[472]
Tomb of Du Guesclin,[464]
  „  St. Elizabeth of Hungary,[461]
  „  Louis, Duke of Orleans, and Valentine of Milan, his Wife,[468]
Tomb of Philip Pot, Grand Seneschal of Burgundy,[466]
Tomb of St. Remigius,[469]
  „  Sibylle, Wife of Guy de Lusignan,[471]
Torments of Hell, The,[485]
Tortures inflicted by the Catholics upon the Huguenots in the South of France,[442]
Tour du Télégraphe, Narbonne, Fourteenth Century,[6]
Tower of Beaucaire, Thirteenth Century,[6]
  „  the Castle of Fougères, Twelfth Century,[6]
Tower of the Castle of Loches, Twelfth Century,[6]
Tower of Notre-Dame des Bois, Eleventh Century,[487]
Tower of the Wall of Provins, Twelfth Century,[6]
Treaty of Arras, Conclusion of the, in 1191,[293]
Tree of Battles, The,[29]
Triumph of Christ, The, Seventeenth Century,[272]
  „  the Lamb, The, Twelfth Century,[229]
Triumphal Vessel drawn in a Car at the Funeral Ceremony of the Emperor Charles V.,[492]
Turreted Vessel that protected the Port of Venice,[77]
Tympan in the Portico of the Church of Sémur, Eleventh Century,[346]
Urban II. presiding over the Council of Clermont, in 1095,[262]
Virgin of St. Luke, The so-called,[369]
War Trophy of Barbarian Prisoners, Second Century,[39]
Watch-tower, Fifteenth Century,[69]
Wickliff, John,[409]
Works of Charity, Fifteenth Century,[346]
Zizim transferred to Charles VIII.,[178]
Zwingle, Ulrich,[416]