Fig. 53.—Helmet of Hughes, Vidame of Chalons. (End of Thirteenth Century.)
Fig. 54.—Tournament Helmet, screwed on the Breastplate. (End of Fifteenth Century.)
The casque, or helmet, from that time enclosing the head entirely, assumed, under St. Louis, the form of two truncated cones “réunis par leurs grandes bases.” In addition to the helmet there was also worn at that time the chapel de fer, which at first was only a simple cap underneath the hood of the hauberk; but when, curtailing the hood, a brim was added to the cap, it thus became a hat almost of the form of the felts now in use. To protect the neck there was also attached to the rim of the hat a tippet of mail, falling on the shoulders, and called camail.[5] The iron cap then took
CASQUE, MORION, AND HELMETS.
With and without vizors, from the Armeria Real at Madrid.
the name of coiffre or cervelière, and later it became a kind of reversed pot concealing the entire head, and kept in position by its weight only ([Fig. 53]).
