In Austrian Italy the yield of grain has been reckoned at three million quarters, but this seems rather low. About one-half of this is maize and rye, and a quarter wheat.
It is reckoned that eight million quarters of grain are raised yearly in Denmark, but this seems doubtful. In 1839, a million quarters of grain, however, were shipped from that kingdom.
According to the census return of 1852, the number of acres under grain crops, and the produce in Canada, were as follows:—
| Lower Canada—Produce. | Upper Canada—Produce. | |||
| Acres | Bushels | Acres | Bushels | |
| Wheat | 427,111 | 3,075,868 | 782,115 | 12,692,852 |
| Barley | 42,927 | 668,626 | 29,916 | 625,875 |
| Rye | 46,007 | 341,443 | 38,968 | 479,651 |
| Oats | 540,422 | 8,967,594 | 421,684 | 11,193,844 |
| Buckwheat | 51,781 | 530,417 | 44,265 | 639,381 |
| Maize | 22,669 | 400,287 | 70,571 | 1,666,513 |
Flour may be valued at 21s. the barrel.
The grain crops in Lower Canada are taken in the minot, and not in the bushel, except in the townships. In like manner, the acres are taken in arpents. An arpent is about one-seventh less than an acre; and a minot about one-eighth (some say one-twelfth) more than a bushel.
During the years 1850-1, Western Canada exported upwards of two million barrels of flour, and three million bushels of wheat, being equivalent to 13,600,000 bushels of wheat. The value of the wheat and flour exported in 1851 was £404,033. Canadian flour, like that of Genessee, is of very superior quality.
| WHEAT.—UPPER | CANADA. | ||
| Bushels. | To each inhabitant. | ||
| Wheat crop of 1841 was | 3,221,991 | or | 6.60 |
| Wheat crop of 1847 was | 7,558,773 | or | 10.45 |
| Wheat crop of 1849 was | 9,706,082 | or | 12.08 |
| Wheat crop of 1851 was | 12,692,852 | or | 13.33 |
The quantity of land under wheat in "Upper Canada was 782,115 acres, showing a yield of about sixteen and three quarter bushels to the acre. The wheat produced in 1852 was valued at nearly two million pounds sterling.