[502] Histoire des théories et des idées morales dans l’antiquité (1879), t. i, pp. 125 f.
[503] Cf. Gorgias, 478, 479.
[504] Laws, tr. Jowett, xi. 913. Plato saw what the socialist-philosopher Lloyd saw when he wrote, “More searching ... than the Golden Rule is that which commands us to inquire if what we desire for ourselves and others is a right desire” (Man the Social Creator (1906), p. 147).
[505] In the Republic Plato reaches the conception of a Greek brotherhood, but beyond this he never advanced.
[506] Xen. Mem. ii. 6, 35.
[507] Politics, i. 7, sec. 5; 8, sec. 12; vii. 2, sec. 15; 14, sec. 21.
[508] Histoire des théories et des idées morales dans l’antiquité (1879), t. i, p. 228.
[509] “A moral ideal which was not coextensive with the whole spiritual nature of man was taken by the schoolmen from the Aristotelian ethics, and then the so-called religious virtues were more or less cumbrously and precariously built upon it. Supernaturalism in morals was added to the classic naturalism as a divine appendix to ethics.”—Newman Smyth, Christian Ethics (1892), p. 133.
[510] The downfall of the institutions of the free city state was to Greek morality what the downfall of the papal Church would have been to the morality of the medieval ages.
[511] Philopœman and Aratus.