[Successfully cultivated]: the Irish people studied and practised them and made improvements.
[Pirates], sea robbers.
[Permanently], remaining there always.
[Expel], to drive out.
[Sovereignty], headship, kingship.
[Annex], to join.
[Encroaching], taking up or advancing on what belongs to another.
[Anglo-Irish], partly English and partly Irish.
[Milesian stock], the descendants of the Milesians (see p. [2]).