DADBDCDEDFDGDHDIDKDLDMDNDODPDQDRDSDTDUDVDWDXDYDZ
MRFCFDCAFGFBGRBMCMBAMXGACRFMGMMDBXFRCXFABRMAFXGX
This gives D represented byBCFGM
44844times,
and, connected withthese five letters representing D,
we haveARDMXBCG
55245111times.

Note that these letters are those of the vertical column containing D plus the letters B, C and G, of the horizontal line containing D.

Lieut. Frank Moorman, U. S. Army, has developed a method for determining the letters which make up the key word in a Playfair cipher. In the first place, a key word necessarily contains vowels in the approximate proportion of two vowels to three consonants and it is also likely that a key word will contain other common letters. This key word is placed in the first row or rows. Now if a table is made, showing what letters in the cipher occur with every letter, it will be found that the letters having the greatest number of other letters in combination with them are very likely to be letters of the key word, or in other words, letters occurring in the first or second lines. An example will make this clear:

Message

DB FN EX TZ MF TO VB QB QT OB XA OF PR TZ EQ RH QK QV DX OK AB PR QI EL TV KE EX XS FS BP WD BO BY BF RO EA BO RH QK QV TX GU EL AB TH TR XN ON EA AY XH BO HN EX BS HR QB ZM SE XP HF GZ UG KC BD PO EA AY XH BO XP HF KR QI AB PR QI EL BX FZ BI SE FX PB RA PR QI WC BR XD YG TB QT EA AY XH BO HN EX BS HR QB PR QI EL BX BT HB QB NF SI SE BX NU XP BU RB XB QR OX BA TB RH BP WD RP RO GU GX QR SE ZY OX BA EL AX CW BY BA SX RK RO PR HB OP BD PI CN OX EM RP KR XT EL AX CW EQ FZ SX EL RH RO PR HB UX DA SE XN ZN GU EL BX FS DG DB TB ZL VE RH BO RQ.

From this message, we make up the following table, considering the letters of each pair:

First Letters of Pairs

ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
A31411
B3231141311
C11
D221
E151
F12111
G1111
H513
I1151
K121
L81
M11
N112121
O6141
P2123
Q2
R122721
S221
T121
U131
V2
W2
X1514113211
Y51
Z212