Fig. 95—Group of backs tooled in Carlsruhe Technical School.

Figs. 96 and 97—Two richly decorated insides done in the Düsseldorf Technical School.

2.—The oftener a short conjunction or article (for, the, and, or, &c.) is placed between the lines, the more effective will the title be; such words must be set in smaller type.

3.—Two lines of equal length should not come together; long and short alternating as much as possible.

4.—The author's name is set in type a little smaller than the principal catch-word.

Figs. 98, 99, 100, and 101—Four richly tooled backs.