[79] A mare of Lord Morton, covered by a zebra, produced at first a zebra mule; covered subsequently by an Arab horse she produced successively three zebra foals like the first mule.
[80] Thomas R. Heywood Thomson, on the “Reported Incompetency of the Aboriginal Females of New Holland to Procreate with Native Males after having Children by a European or White,” in Monthly Journal of Medical Science, Edinburgh, Oct. 1851, vol. xii, p. 354.
[81] Some genera in existing faunas, containing only one species, are in anterior faunas represented by a number of species now extinct, and evidently differing from the one species actually existing. [Compare the two species of existing elephants with the twelve species of Elephas and thirteen of Mastodon which existed in tertiary times.—Editor.]
[82] There exist at present in northern Africa, down to the Sahara, a fair-haired race of men, who have been held to be the descendants of the Vandals. It is certain that no white race has been established in these parts since the time of Genserich, that is to say, some fourteen centuries. If so, there would result from it that a sojourn of fourteen centuries upon the African soil was not sufficient to darken the hair of the white race. But Dumoulin, taking the text of Procopius for his guide, had already demonstrated that the light-haired race of northern Africa had nothing in common with the Vandals; and I have recently found a passage in the Périple de la Méditerranée de Syclax, a work anterior to Alexander the Great, in which mention is made of a tribe of light-haired Lybians, who occupied the littoral of the Minor Syrtis, not far from Mount Auress, where to this day one of the principal tribes of light-haired Kabyles resides. (See Bulletins de la Soc. d’Anthropologie, séance du 16 Février, 1860.)
[83] [Compare on this subject Professor R. Owen on The Power of God as manifested in his Animal Creation, 12mo, London, 1863, in which the relations of science to theology are excellently stated.—Editor.]
[84] J. Pye Smith, Relations between the Holy Scriptures and Geology, third edition, pp. 398-400. This passage is textually reproduced by Morton in a letter to the Rev. John Bachmann, on Hybridity, Charleston, 1850, in 8-15. Carpenter, art. “Varieties of Mankind,” in Todd’s Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. iv, p. 1317, London, 1852. Eusèbe de Salles, Histoire générale des Races Humaines, p. 328, Paris, 1849.
[85] P. Sagot, Opinion générale sur l’Origine de la Nature des Races Humaines; Conciliation des Diversités indélibles avec l’Unité Historique du Genre Humain, Paris, 1860.
[86] [Germs of the polygenist doctrine are, however, as old as Empedocles. See Julius Schvarcz, Geological Theories of the Greeks, 4to, London, 1862, for the most philosophical account of these early attempts.—Editor.]
[87] We may be permitted to reproduce here some passage from a dissertation of this pious slave owner; we extract them from the Charleston Medical Journal and Review, Sept. 1854, vol. ix. pp. 657-659: “All races of men including the Negroes, are of the same species and origin. The Negro is a striking variety, and at present permanent, as the numerous varieties of domestic animals. The Negro will remain what he is, unless his form is altered by intermixture, the simple idea of which is revolting; his intelligence is greatly inferior to that of the Caucasians, and he is consequently, from all we know of him, incapable of governing himself. He has been placed under our protection (a very pretty word). The vindication of slavery is contained in the scriptures. The Bible teaches the rights and duties of masters, in order that the slaves should be treated with justice and goodness, and it enjoins obedience to slaves.... The Bible furnishes us with the best weapons of which we can avail ourselves. It shows us that the ancient Israelites possessed slaves. It determines the duties of masters and slaves; and Saint Paul writes an epistle to Philemon to request him to take back a runaway slave. Our representatives in Congress have drawn their arguments from Holy Writ, and their adversaries have not ventured to tell them that the historical part of the Bible (and all that concerns slavery is historical) is false and uninspired;” and, adds the Rev. John Bachmann, “we can effectually defend our institutions from the word of God.”
[88] [See, for many valuable hints on this subject, Savage Africa, by W. Winwood Reade, 8vo, London, 1864.—Editor.]