The reformation in Poland - Paul Fox

—— O Ujście Wisły (A Struggle for the Mouth of the Vistula), Warsaw, 1905.

Baranowski, Ignacy, Przemysł Polski w XVI Wieku (Polish Commerce in the XVIth Century), Warsaw, 1919.

Tymieniecki, Kazimierz, Procesy twórcze formowania się społeczeństwa polskiego w wiekach średnich (Creative Processes in the Formation of Polish Society in the Middle Ages), Warsaw, 1921.

Starczewski, Eugeniusz, Możnowładztwo Polskie (The Polish Aristocracy), Warsaw, 1914.

Kwartalnik Historyczny (Historical Quarterly), Lwów.

Przegląd Historyczny (Historical Review), Warsaw.

Reformacja w Polsce (The Reformation in Poland), Warsaw, a Quarterly of the Polish Reformation Historical Society.

INDEX

Adjustment of religious differences, proposed project of 1555, [49-50].
Agriculture, revival of, [108-116].
Background of Polish Reformation,
independent attitude
of Polish princes, [9-11],
of clergy, [11-13],
of people, [13];
influence of humanism, [13-14];
character of Polish clergy, [14-15].
Batory, Stephen, religious tolerance of, [79-80].
Bible, Polish, different translations and editions of, [72].
Bohemian Brethren,
in Poland, [27-28], [41-42];
union with Calvinists of Little Poland, [48];
joint synod of the two in 1557 and proposed union with Lutherans, [56].
Budny, Simon, Arian reformer and writer, [72], [73].
Calvinism in Poland, [33-34], [39], [42];
need of better church organization of, [43];
growth of, [53].
Casimir the Great, attitude toward church, [10].
Causes of Polish Reformation,
political, constitutional liberties of Polish nobility, [101-105],
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [126-134],
problem of “execution of laws,” [134-137];
social, Renaissance, [64-66],
art of printing, [66-73],
education, influence of foreign universities, [73-78],
religious tolerance, [78-82],
aristocratic character of Polish, Reformation, [82-83];
ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [126-134];
economic, wealth of Polish church, [83-100], [121-124],
revival of commerce and agriculture after Peace of Thorn (1466), [105-116],
problem of national defense, [116-124],
payment of tithes, [124-126].
Church, opposition of nobility to, political, [101-105];
economic, [105-116].
Clergy, Polish, moral character of, [14-15];
right to participate in royal elections questioned, [57-58];
taxation of, [60-61];
materialistic character of, [97-99].
Commerce, Polish, change in, and its significance, [105-108].
Confederation, of Korczyn (1438), [18];
of Warsaw (1573), [62], [80-81].
Conflict between Polish nobility and clergy, basis, constitutional liberties of Polish nobility, [101-105];
causes,
revival of Polish commerce and agriculture, [105-116],
problem of defense, [116-124],
quarrels over payment of tithes, [124-126],
opposition to ecclesiastical jurisdiction, [126-134],
demand for execution of laws, [134-137].
Consensus Sandomiriensis, [62-63].
Council of Constance, [16].
Court clergy, affected by the Reformation, [39-40].
Court, royal, affected by the Reformation, [30], [36].
Czechowic, Martin, Arian reformer and writer, [73].
Defense, problem of, [57], [60];
more acute after agricultural revival, [116] ff.;
insistence on the clergy’s participation in public, [118-121];
confiscation of ecclesiastical property for public, proposed, [122].
Demesne estates, enlargement of, by extension of cultivation, [108];
by expropriation of village mayorships, [108-109];
by incorporation of vacant peasant leaseholds, [109-110].
Ecclesiastical estates,
location and productivity, [92-93];
proximity to royal lands and its significance, [93-94].
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction,
protest against and demand for abolition of, [45];
suspended for a year, [45], [46];
suspension of, continued, [50], [57];
demand for abolition of, in all matters, [58-59];
abolished, [60-61], [126-132], [134].
Economic basis of ecclesiastical revolt of Polish nobility,
commercial changes, [105-107];
industrial changes, [107] ff.
Economic causes of Polish Reformation. See Causes.
Edicts,
of Wieluń (1424), [17], of 1433, [18];
of Thorn (1520), [24];
of Duke Janusz of Mazovia (1525), [26-27];
of Cracow (1523), [28],
of 1554, [32],
of 1544, [37];
due to growth of Reformation, [29];
protest against their issuance, [59-60].
Execution of Laws, [54], [56], [57], [113], [134-137].
Farming by tenant peasants, not profitable in the 16th century, [114-115].
Glebae adscripti, Polish peasants become, [115].
Goniądz, Peter, reformer and writer, [73].
Humanism, [13-14], [64-66].
Hussitism, [16-19].
Independence,
of Polish princes, [9-11];
of clergy, [11-13];
of people, [13].
Investiture, right of, [10-11].
James of Paradyż, scholar and advocate of religious reform, [19], [20].
Krowicki, Martin, Arian reformer and writer, [48], [47], [73].
Krzyżak, Felix, Calvinistic reformer,
accepted the Reformation, [39];
fled to Great Poland, [46];
returned to Little Poland, [46];
appointed as superintendent of Calvinistic churches, [43];
invited Bohemian Brethren to unite with Calvinists of Little Poland, [48].
Landownership,
regarded as a special privilege of the Polish nobility, [110];
townspeople excluded from, and from high church offices, [110-113];
enlarged by purchases, [114].
Łaski, John, most distinguished Polish reformer, [38], [53], [56], [64], [65].
Legacies, of Polish ecclesiastical princes, [91-92].
Liberties, constitutional, of Polish nobility, [101-105].
Lismanini, Francis, a leader in Polish religious reform, [30], [39], [40], [41], [42], [53], [81].
Lutheranism,
in Danzig, [21-24];
in other West Prussian cities, [24-25];
in East Prussia, [25-26];
in Great Poland, [27-28];
in Little Poland, [28-30].
Mandate of Sigismund I on the starostas, [37], [38].
Matthew of Cracow, scholar and advocate of religious reform, [19-20].
Mayors of ecclesiastical villages, [56], [57], [60], [116] ff. See also Defense.
Meetings, secret, in Cracow, [39-40].
Modrzewski, Andrew Frycz, distinguished humanist and advocate of reform, [64], [65-66].
National Synod, [13], [50-51], [56-57].
Nobility, opposition to church,
political, [101-105];
economic, [105-116].
Ochino, Bernard, taking refuge in Poland, [81].
Oleśnicki, Cardinal Zbigniew, [17], [18].
Order to the starostas of 1546, [38].
Orzechowski, Stanislaus, [43], [44-45].
Ostrorog, John, [14], [64-65].
Political causes of Polish Reformation. See Causes.
Pope Pius IV, reforms which he was asked to sanction, [50-51].
Prażmowski, Andrew, his preaching of Calvinistic doctrines in Posen, [42].
Pre-Reformation reform movements, influence,
of Waldensians, [15-16];
of Wyclif’s teaching, [16];
of Hussitism, [16-19];
of loyal sons of the church at home, [19-21].
Printers, Cracow, [66-70].
Printing, as a cause of Polish Reformation, [66-73].
Privileges, clerical, presented “ad judicum,” [60].
Protestantism, strength of, by 1569, [61-63].
Racovian Catechism, [73].
Radziwill, Nicholas, the Black,
an intimate of Sigismund Augustus, [41];
Lippomano tried to influence, [51-52];
founded a press at Brześć Litewski from which issued the Radziwill Bible, [71].
Renaissance. See Humanism.
Reformation, spread of, in Poland,
early beginnings and struggles, [21-33];
growing aggressiveness, [33-40];
triumph and dominance, [40-68];
in Danzig, [21-24];
in West Prussia, [24-26];
in East Prussia, [26];
in Mazovia, [26-27];
in Great Poland, [27-28];
in Little Poland, [28] ff.;
topic of general discussion, [34];
a class movement, [82-83], [132-134].
Rey, Nicholas, father of Polish literature, [37].
Roman clergy, affected by the Reformation, [38-39], [42], [43].
Samuel, Andrew, [37], [38-39], [40].
Seklucjan, John, [27], [37], [39], [40], [72].
Sigismund I, [11], [23], [27], [37], [40];
his tolerance, [38], [78-79].
Sigismund II, Augustus, [12];
Calvin’s Commentary on the Mass dedicated to, [34];
religious attitude of, [40-41];
tolerance of, [79].
Social causes of Polish Reformation. See Causes.
Social classes, affected by Reformation, [82-83]; [101].
Stankar, Francis, his defection from Rome, [43-44];
his flight to Great Poland and return, [46].
Status of peasants, changed by legislation, [115-116].
Sozzino, Lelio, [81];
Faustus, [81].
Synodical decrees, [30-32], [34];
futility of, [32], [35-36].
Taxation of clerical property,
by Casimir the Great, [10];
insisted upon by nobility for purposes of defense, [123-124].
Tithes and tithing, opposition to, [59], [61], [97-98], [124-126].
Tolerance, religious, as cause of Polish Reformation, [78-82].
Treaty of Thorn (1466), its effect on Polish commerce and agriculture, [106] ff.
Uchański, James, [12], [39], [55], [56-57], [59].
Universities, foreign, influence of, [73-78].
Vatican, concerned about Poland, [51].
Vernacular, appeal to the masses through literature in, [36-37].
Waldensians, influence of, on Poland, [15-16].
Wealth of Polish church, landed,
in Great Poland, [84];
in Little Poland, [84-85];
in Mazovia, [85];
in Podlasie, [85-86];
in Volhynia, [86];
in Red Russia, [86-87];
in Ukraina, [87];
compared with that of the crown and of the nobility, [87-91];
minimum total estimates of, [94-96];
other sources of income, [96-97];
its influence on Polish nobility, [97-100];
proposed confiscation of, [100].
Wyclif, influence of his teaching in Poland, [16].
Zalaszowska, Catherine, execution of, [33].

INDEX

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