[44] Nepotism is the custom of advancing to desirable posts the members of one’s family; simony (which has especially to do with the Church) consisted in the purchase of the ecclesiastical functions: the term may also, by extension, be applied to lay functions.

[45] We give on the next page an analysis of this Essay.

[46] Jouffret, De la politesse (A Lecture at the distribution of prizes at the Tournon Lyceum, Tournon. 1880).

[47] Lamennais, Paroles d’un Croyant, xv.

[48] Kant, Doctrine de la vertu, trad. Barni, p. 160.

[49] It is the question debated between Alceste and Philinte in the first scene of the Misanthrope.

[50] Kant, Doc. de la vertu, trad. de Barni, p. 155.

[51] See Puffendorf, Droits de la nature et des gens, III., ch. iii.

[52] See our Morale, liv. II., ch. v.

[53] Abstinence from the flesh of animals was based by Pythagoras, as it was with the Brahmins, upon the doctrine of metempsychosis.