The Manufacture of Chocolate and other Cacao Preparations - Paul Zipperer

Constituents percent	Names of Sorts
Constituents percent	Ariba	Machala Guayaquil	Caracas	Puerto Cabello
1. Moisture	8·35	6·33	6·50	8·40
2. Fat	50·39	52·68	50·31	53·01
3. Cacaotannic acid, sugar, decomposition products, phlobaphene	8·91	13·72	10·76	7·85
4. Theobromine	0·35	0·33	0·77	0·54
5. Starch	5·78	8·29	7·65	10·05
6. Cellulose and proteins	22·10	14·45	19·84	15·83
	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins
	to	to	to	to
	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose
7. In the ratio	7·3:1	5:1	6·6:1	5·3:1
8. Ash	5·12	4·17	4·17	4·32
	Surinam	Trinidad	Port au Prince	Average
1. Moisture	7·07	6·20	6·94	7·11
2. Fat	50·86	51·57	53·66	51·78
3. Cacaotannic acid, sugar, decomposition products, phlobaphene	8·31	9·46	11·39	10·02
4. Theobromine	0·50	0·40	0·32	0·45
5. Starch	6·41	11·07	8·96	8·33
6. Cellulose and proteins	24·13	18·43	15·81	18·71
	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins
	to	to	to	to
	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose
7. In the ratio	8:1	6:1	5·25:1	6·2:1
8. Ash	2·72	2·87	2·92	3·60

In addition to these, there is an exhaustive succession of analyses conducted by Ridenour,[22] which we accordingly submit as Table 8. Following Filsinger,[23] we cannot regard these analyses as an absolutely trustworthy representation of the “Normal” composition of the cacao bean, the values in starch, albumin and ash considerably deviating from all that have been established up to the present time. Among more recent researches, we cite those carried out by Matthes and Fritz Müller.[24]

Table 7.
B) Analysis of the Raw Shelled Bean (Kernel).

Constituents percent	Names of Sorts
Constituents percent	Ariba	Machala Guayaquil	Caracas	Puerto Cabello
1. Moisture	8 ·52	6 ·25	7 ·48	6 ·58
2. Fat	50·07	52·09	49·24	48·40
3. Cacaotannic acid, sugar and phlobaphene	8 ·61	7 ·84	6 ·85	8 ·25
4. Theobromine	0 ·30	0 ·31	0 ·05	0 ·52
5. Starch	9 ·10	11·59	9 ·85	10·96
6. Cellulose and protein bodies	19·43	18·17	22·16	21·21
	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins
	to	to	to	to
	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose
7. In the ratio	6·5:1	6:1	7·7:1	7:1
8. Ash	3 ·89	3 ·75	3 ·92	4 ·08
	Surinam	Trinidad	Port au Prince	Average
1. Moisture	4 ·04	7 ·85	6 ·27	6 ·71
2. Fat	49·88	48·14	46·90	49·24
3. Cacaotannic acid, sugar and phlobaphene	8 ·08	7 ·69	7 ·19	7 ·78
4. Theobromine	0 ·54	0 ·42	0 ·36	0 ·43
5. Starch	10·19	8 ·72	12·64	10·43
6. Cellulose and protein bodies	24·39	23·06	21·82	21·43
	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins	Proteins
	to	to	to	to
	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose	cellulose
7. In the ratio	8:1	7·6:1	7·3:1	7·1:1
8. Ash	2 ·88	4 ·12	4 ·82	3 ·92

Table 8. Ridenour.

	Commercial Varieties
Constituents percent	Bahia	Surinam	Java	Trinidad	Roasted Trinidad	Ariba	Caracas
1. Fat	42·10	41·03	45·50	43·66	41·89	43·31	36·81
2. Theobromine	1·08	0·93	1·16	0·85	0·93	0·86	1·13
3. Albumin	7·50	10·54	9·25	11·90	12·02	10·14	10·59
4. Glucose	1·07	1·27	1·23	1·38	1·48	0·42	2·76
5. Saccharose	0·51	0·35	0·51	0·32	0·28	1·58	1·56
6. Starch	7·53	3·61	5·17	4·98	5·70	6·37	3·81
7. Lignin	7·86	3·90	6·10	5·65	5·87	4·62	3·28
8. Cellulose	13·80	16·24	13·85	13·01	19·64	14·07	16·35
9. Extractive by difference	8·99	13·53	8·90	8·31	5·84	9·00	12·72
10. Moisture	5·96	5·55	5·12	6·34	2·63	5·90	6·63
11. Ash	3·60	3·05	3·31	3·60	3·70	8·73	4·36
	Commercial Varieties
Constituents percent	Roasted Caracas	Granada	Tabasco	Machala	Maracaibo	Average
1. Fat	37·63	44·11	50·95	46·84	42·20	42·99
2. Theobromine	0·99	0·75	1·15	0·76	1·03	0·97
3. Albumin	12·36	9·76	7·85	12·69	11·56	10·51
4. Glucose	1·76	1·81	0·94	1·60	1·09	1·46
5. Saccharose	0·51	0·55	2·72	0·46	1·36	0·89
6. Starch	6·07	6·27	3·51	1·35	1·69	4·67
7. Lignin	9·05	5·55	6·44	5·95	7·16	5·95
8. Cellulose	11·69	13·49	12·57	11·32	17·32	14·44
9. Extractive by difference	9·22	9·72	9·26	9·02	6·79	9·30
10. Moisture	5·69	5·28	1·55	5·86	5·67	5·18
11. Ash	5·03	2·71	3·06	5·15	4·13	3·70

Table 9.

No.	Description	Moisture	Ether	Non-fatty dry substances	Mineral constituents	In water
		Moisture	Ether	Non-fatty dry substances	Mineral constituents	insoluble ash	soluble ash
		%	%	%	%	%	%
1	St. Thomas II	2·82	55·87	—	2·79	1·93	0·86
2	Java I	2·78	53·88	—	3·60	1·60	2·00
3	St. Thomas I	2·82	54·50	—	3·01	1·85	1·16
4	Caracas I	2·67	53·78	—	3·35	2·12	1·23
5	Puerto Cabello	3·34	53·29	—	3·58	1·73	1·85
6	Machala	2·93	53·98	—	3·34	2·10	1·24
7	Samana	2·94	55·28	—	3·10	1·85	1·25
8	Accra	2·94	53·94	—	3·19	1·84	1·35
		B. Percentages for the non-fatty dry substances.
1	St. Thomas II	—	—	41·36	6·536	4·672	1·864
2	Java I	—	—	43·34	8·306	3·692	4·614
3	St. Thomas I	—	—	42·68	7·053	4·311	2·742
4	Caracas I	—	—	43·55	7·692	4·868	2·824
5	Puerto Cabello	—	—	43·37	8·254	3·989	4·265
6	Machala	—	—	43·09	7·767	4·900	2·867
7	Samana	—	—	42·78	7·246	4·325	2·921
8	Accra	—	—	43·12	7·398	4·267	3·131
		C. Percentages for the total of ash.
1	St. Thomas II	—	—	—	—	71·49	28·51
2	Java I	—	—	—	—	44·45	55·55
3	St. Thomas I	—	—	—	—	61·12	38·88
4	Caracas I	—	—	—	—	63·38	36·62
5	Puerto Cabello	—	—	—	—	48·33	51·67
6	Machala	—	—	—	—	63·09	36·91
7	Samana	—	—	—	—	59·69	40·31
8	Accra	—	—	—	—	57·68	42·32

No.	Description	Alkali strength		Potassium Carbonate reckoned from Alkali strength of soluble ash	Pure ash (mineral stuffs minus Pot. Carb.)
		of the soluble ash	of the insoluble ash		Pure ash (mineral stuffs minus Pot. Carb.)
		cb. mm. Nitric acid.		%	%
1	St. Thomas II	3·6	4·8	0·25	2·54
2	Java I	10·4	6·8	0·72	2·88
3	St. Thomas I	2·6	5·0	0·18	1·83
4	Caracas I	4·6	4·8	0·32	3·03
5	Puerto Cabello	10·4	3·8	0·72	2·86
6	Machala	2·6	5·6	0·18	3·16
7	Samana	4·6	6·2	0·32	2·78
8	Accra	3·6	4·8	0·25	2·94
		B. Percentages for the non-fatty dry substances.
1	St. Thomas II	8·7	11·6	0·60	5·94
2	Java I	24·0	15·7	1·66	6·65
3	St. Thomas I	6·1	11·7	0·42	6·63
4	Caracas I	10·6	11·0	0·73	6·96
5	Puerto Cabello	24·0	8·8	1·66	6·59
6	Machala	6·1	13·0	0·42	7·35
7	Samana	10·8	14·5	0·74	6·50
8	Accra	8·3	11·1	0·58	6·82
		C. Percentages for the total of ash.
1	St. Thomas II	133·1	177·4	9·18	90·82
2	Java I	289·1	189·1	20·00	80·01
3	St. Thomas I	87·0	167·0	6·00	94·04
4	Caracas I	137·9	143·9	9·50	90·51
5	Puerto Cabello	290·7	106·6	20·10	79·89
6	Machala	78·5	—	5·40	94·59
7	Samana	149·0	200·0	10·20	89·79
8	Accra	112·2	150·0	7·8	92·16

No.	Description	Phosphoric acid			Silicic acid (SiO₂)	Ferric acid (Fe₂O₃)
		total	soluble in water	insoluble in water	Silicic acid (SiO₂)	Ferric acid (Fe₂O₃)
		%	%	%	%	%
1	St. Thomas II	1·0243	0·2474	0·7769	0·0154	0·0416
2	Java I	1·0753	0·4667	0·6086	0·0300	0·0224
3	St. Thomas I	1·1136	0·3621	0·7515	0·0122	0·0464
4	Caracas I	1·2708	0·3392	0·9316	0·0080	0·0184
5	Puerto Cabello	1·1433	0·4692	0·6741	0·0260	0·0207
6	Machala	1·2836	0·3647	0·9189	0·0116	0·0200
7	Samana	1·0881	0·3213	0·7668	0·0090	0·0560
8	Accra	1·1221	0·3672	0·3549	0·0082	0·0284
B. Percentages for the non-fatty dry substances.
1	St. Thomas II	2·4795	0·5989	1·8806	0·0373	0·1007
2	Java I	2·4790	1·0769	1·4021	0·0692	0·0517
3	St. Thomas I	2·6092	0·8484	1·7608	0·0286	0·1087
4	Caracas I	2·9180	0·7789	2·1356	0·0184	0·0422
5	Puerto Cabello	2·6361	1·0819	1·5542	0·0600	0·0477
6	Machala	2·9837	0·8481	2·1356	0·0269	0·0464
7	Samana	2·5435	0·7511	1·7934	0·0214	0·1309
8	Accra	2·6023	0·8516	1·7507	0·0191	0·0658
C. Percentages for the total of ash.
1	St. Thomas II	37·94	9·16	28·78	0·571	1·541
2	Java I	29·87	12·96	16·91	0·833	0·623
3	St. Thomas I	37·27	12·12	25·15	0·408	1·551
4	Caracas I	37·94	10·12	27·82	0·240	0·549
5	Puerto Cabello	31·94	13·11	18·83	0·727	0·578
6	Machala	38·42	10·92	27·50	0·346	0·597
7	Samana	35·12	10·37	24·75	0·295	1·806
8	Accra	35·18	11·51	23·67	0·258	0·889