[65] An Aymara grammar and dictionary by Torres Rubio was published at Lima in 1616. The gospel of St. Luke was translated into Aymara, and published by the Indian Pasoscanki. An Aymara grammar, by Padre Ludovico Bertonio, was published at Rome in 1608. A second edition, which was edited by Diego de Gueldo, was printed by the Jesuits in the little town of Juli, on the banks of lake Titicaca in 1612. See also Hervas, the Mithridates, and D’Orbigny.
[66] In the same way the Dravidian languages of Southern India count up to one thousand, but for higher numbers they have to borrow from Sanscrit. This is considered as one proof of the superiority of the Aryan Hindus over the Tamils in civilisation: and a similar conclusion may be drawn from the same fact, as regards the Quichuas and Aymaras. Adam Smith says that numerals are among the most abstract ideas that the human mind is capable of forming. See Mr. Crawfurd’s paper “On Numerals as Evidence of the Progress of Civilization.” (Ethnological Society, February 1862.)
[67] The names of tribes, which have come down to us, are generally nicknames given by their conquerors. Chanca means a polluted thing, and huanca is a drum in Quichua.
[68] Except possibly the word for water—yacu. In Quichua water is unu.
[69] Described by Cieza de Leon. See page [299] and note.
[70] See page [299], page [280] and note, and page [317] and note. The Morochucos and Yquichanos of the department of Ayacucho, who are descendants of the Pocras, fully sustain the warlike fame of their ancestors. See Cuzco and Lima, p. 70.
[72] A vocabulary, professing to be of the language spoken by the tribes in Northern Peru, and called Chinchay-suyu, is printed at the end of Figueredo’s edition of Torres Rubio’s Quichua grammar. But the vast majority of words are pure Quichua, and it must have been collected when Quichua was generally spoken, and after the aboriginal language had fallen almost entirely into disuse. It is, therefore, of very little use to the comparative philologist.
[73] For the meaning of this word, see pages 162 and 218.
[74] See in the Anthropological Review for February 1864, p. lvii, a paper “On Crystal Quartz Cutting Instruments of the Ancient Inhabitants of Chanduy (near Guayaquil), found by Mr. Spruce; by Clements R. Markham.”