BY
SIR CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, K.C.B.
F.R.S., D.SC. (CAMBRIDGE AND LEEDS)
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
MCMXVIII
CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.
TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
[CONTENTS]
| PAGE | ||
|---|---|---|
| [Introduction] | ||
| [CHAPTER I] | ||
| How the Marquis Don Francisco Pizarro went to the provinceof Arequipa to found a city there, and to apportionthe Indians among the persons who were to remain thereas citizens | 1 | |
| [CHAPTER II] | ||
| How the General Lorenzo de Aldana determined to send peopleto settle in Anzerma, a province which had been discoveredby the captain Belalcázar, and how he named Jorge Robledoas captain of the settlement | 4 | |
| [CHAPTER III] | ||
| How his Majesty nominated Don Pascual de Andagoya to beGovernor and Adelantado of the river of San Juan, andhow Robledo set out to form the settlement in Anzerma | 7 | |
| [CHAPTER IV] | ||
| How the Licentiate Santa Cruz sent certain captains andtroops in pursuit of Vadillo, of the quarrels of these captainsamongst themselves, and how they joined Robledo | 10 | |
| [CHAPTER V] | ||
| How the captain Jorge Robledo induced the Chiefs near thenew city to remain at peace, and how he sent Suer de Navato Caramanta | 12 | |
| [CHAPTER VI] | ||
| How the captain Jorge Robledo sent Gómez Hernández toexplore the province of El Choco, and despatched RuyVanegas to the village of Pirsa | 14 | |
| [CHAPTER VII] | ||
| How the captain Jorge Robledo distributed the Chiefs amongthe citizens who were going to remain in the city of SantaAna, and how he set out to make discoveries on the otherside of the great river of Santa Marta | 18 | |
| [CHAPTER VIII] | ||
| How the captain Jorge Robledo arrived at the province ofPozo, how he was badly wounded, of the merciless punishmentthat was inflicted, and of the great quantity of humanflesh that was eaten there | 21 | |
| [CHAPTER IX] | ||
| How the Comendador Hernán Rodríguez de Sosa came to therock, of the great number of people he captured and killed,and of the very great cruelty with which those natives weretreated | 24 | |
| [CHAPTER X] | ||
| How the captain Robledo discovered the province of Paucura,how the ensign Suer de Nava returned to Pozo, and howcruelties greater than before were inflicted; and how Robledoset out from Paucura to explore the large and very richprovince of Arma | 27 | |
| [CHAPTER XI] | ||
| How the captain Robledo explored the province of Arma andpitched his camp in the village of the principal Chief, namedMaytama, and of some notable things that happened | 29 | |
| [CHAPTER XII] | ||
| How captain Osorio, while going to the New Kingdom, waskilled, with other Christians, and how the captain Pedrode Añasco was also killed by the Indians | 34 | |
| [CHAPTER XIII] | ||
| How, when the death of those Spaniards was known at Popayán,captain Juan de Ampudia set out from there, andhow he and other Christians were killed by the sameIndians | 38 | |
| [CHAPTER XIV] | ||
| How the Adelantado Pascual de Andagoya entered the cities,and was received in them as Governor | 44 | |
| [CHAPTER XV] | ||
| How the captain Jorge Robledo discovered the province ofQuinbaya, and how he founded the city of Cartago | 46 | |
| [CHAPTER XVI] | ||
| How the captain Jorge Robledo left the city of Cartago andwent to Cali, where he was well received, returning asCaptain and Lieutenant-General of the cities he hadfounded | 48 | |
| [CHAPTER XVII] | ||
| Of the things that happened in the city of Lima and how theMarquis Don Francisco Pizarro, on the advice of theBishop Friar Vicente de Valverde, made a general repartimiento;and of the departure of Gómez de Alvarado topeople Guanuco | 49 | |
| [CHAPTER XVIII] | ||
| How Gonzalo Pizarro, after he had been acknowledged asGovernor of Quito, determined to undertake the conquest ofEl Dorado; and of his departure from Quito | 54 | |
| [CHAPTER XIX] | ||
| How Gonzalo Pizarro left the city of Quito for the cinnamoncountry, which was one of the most laborious explorationsthat have been carried out in Tierra Firme and theSouth Sea | 56 | |
| [CHAPTER XX] | ||
| How Gonzalo Pizarro left that river and went on exploringthrough those forests and mountains, without finding anypopulous country, and how all his party joined forces ata crossing over a branch of the Mar Dulce | 61 | |
| [CHAPTER XXI] | ||
| How Francisco de Orellana went down the river and reachedthe Ocean, and of the extreme hardships suffered by GonzaloPizarro from hunger | 66 | |
| [CHAPTER XXII] | ||
| How Gonzalo Pizarro and his people arrived at a placewhere Indians had lived, but had abandoned it owing toa war, and found a very great quantity of yuca with whichthey restored themselves and saved their lives | 71 | |
| [CHAPTER XXIII] | ||
| How his Majesty appointed captain Belalcázar as Governor,and how he entered upon his government, and arrested theAdelantado Andagoya | 77 | |
| [CHAPTER XXIV] | ||
| How the Alcalde Diego Núñez de Mercado arrived in Spainwith the news of the death of the Adelantado, and how hisMajesty considered that he had been ill served thereby, andsent out the Licentiate Vaca de Castro as Judge | 79 | |
| [CHAPTER XXV] | ||
| Of the things that happened in Lima, and how Pero AlvarezHolguin left Cuzco on an expedition of discovery | 82 | |
| [CHAPTER XXVI] | ||
| Of the things that happened to the President Vaca de Castroafter he left the city of Panamá to go to Peru | 85 | |
| [CHAPTER XXVII] | ||
| How the President Vaca de Castro found himself in greattrouble and danger from not knowing where the port ofBuenaventura was, and how, at the end of several daysduring which they had been seeking for the port, they meta ship on board of which was Don Juan de Andagoya,who explained to them where the port was | 88 | |
| [CHAPTER XXVIII] | ||
| How the arrival of Vaca de Castro in the river of San Juanbecame known at Lima, and how sore the men of Chile feltabout it; and of what else passed in Lima at that time | 90 | |
| [CHAPTER XXIX] | ||
| How the Chile faction plotted to assassinate the Marquis,and how Francisco de Herencia, who was one of them,betrayed it, at confession, and of the great heedlessnessof the Marquis, also what else happened until the men ofChile sallied forth to kill him | 96 | |
| [CHAPTER XXX] | ||
| How the men of Chile sallied forth from the lodgings of DonDiego de Almagro, of their putting the Marquis DonFrancisco Pizarro to death, and of the valorous spiritshown by the Marquis before his death | 99 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXI] | ||
| In which the former chapter is concluded down to the timewhen the Marquis was slain by the men of Chile | 103 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXII] | ||
| Of what happened in Lima after the death of the MarquisDon Francisco Pizarro | 110 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXIII] | ||
| Of the things that were done by the Chile party, and howthey acknowledged Don Diego as Governor; also of the imprisonmentof Antonio Picado, and how the LicentiateRodrigo Niño and Orihuela came from Spain | 114 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXIV] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro, having tyrannically occupiedthe city of Lima, sent messengers to some of the cities of theRealm, requiring them to acknowledge him as Governor | 117 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXV] | ||
| How García de Alvarado left Lima and landed at Santa,captured Cabrera, and went on as far as San Miguel. Ofthose he killed on the way, and how Alonso de Alvaradohoisted his banner for the King | 119 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXVI] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro wrote to the captain Alonso deAlvarado, not knowing that he had raised the banner, andsent him a commission as lieutenant; and of the deathof Orihuela | 123 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXVII] | ||
| How Don Pedro Puertocarrero would not be a lieutenantof Almagro's, but absented himself rather from the city ofCuzco, with Gómez de Tordoya and divers others, and howgrieved some were on learning of the death of the Marquis | 126 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXVIII] | ||
| How Gómez de Tordoya and the other citizens of Cuzcoagreed to send messengers to the captain Pero AlvarezHolguin that, on hearing of the death of the Marquis, hemight raise the banner for the King | 130 | |
| [CHAPTER XXXIX] | ||
| How Pero Alvarez Holguin was received as Captain-Generalon the side against the Chile faction, and Gómez de Tordoyawas appointed Camp-master, and in what manner theyentered the city of Cuzco | 134 | |
| [CHAPTER XL] | ||
| How the Licentiate Vaca de Castro arrived at the port ofBuenaventura, and thence marched, suffering great hardshipsby the way, to Cali, where he found the AdelantadoSebastián de Belalcázar, his Majesty's Governor; and ofwhat he did there | 137 | |
| [CHAPTER XLI] | ||
| How the President Cristóbal Vaca de Castro went from Calito Popayán, where he heard of the death of the Marquisfrom Lorenzo de Aldana, who came to meet him | 140 | |
| [CHAPTER XLII] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro ordered the Secretary AntonioPicado to be tortured, thinking he would divulge treasurebelonging to the Marquis, and how Picado met his deserts | 142 | |
| [CHAPTER XLIII] | ||
| How the captains Francisco de Chaves and Francisco Nuñezwere arrested, and how Chaves was put to death | 147 | |
| [CHAPTER XLIV] | ||
| How when the death of the Marquis became known in thetown of Plata, the banner was raised for the King; andthe captain Pedro Anzures set out with other residents thereto join Pero Alvarez Holguin | 151 | |
| [CHAPTER XLV] | ||
| Of the things that were done by the captain Alonso de Alvaradoafter he had raised the banner for the King | 155 | |
| [CHAPTER XLVI] | ||
| How the President Cristóbal Vaca de Castro quitted Popayánto go to the city of Quito | 157 | |
| [CHAPTER XLVII] | ||
| How the Governor Vaca de Castro, on his way to Quito,came to a place called Carangue, where he received lettersfrom Alonso de Alvarado, and learnt that Alvarado hadrisen against Almagro, in the name of the King, whichgave him great pleasure | 160 | |
| [CHAPTER XLVIII] | ||
| Of what else was done by the General Pero Alvarez Holguin,and of his departure from Cuzco | 163 | |
| [CHAPTER XLIX] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro, on learning the news aboutPero Alvarez, left Lima, by the advice of his captains; andabout the men he had raised, and his captains | 166 | |
| [CHAPTER L] | ||
| How Pero Alvarez Holguin, after he had been accepted asGeneral and sworn, the last time near Parcos, continuedhis march in the direction of Jauja, and how GasparRodríguez de Camporredondo, while reconnoitring in advance,captured Don Diego's adherents in those parts | 170 | |
| [CHAPTER LI] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro, with his General García deAlvarado pursued Pero Alvarez Holguin, but turned backon coming near to Bombon; of the death of Juan de Herrada,and of how Pero Alvarez continued his march | 174 | |
| [CHAPTER LII] | ||
| How the captain Alonso de Alvarado, hearing the news aboutPero Alvarez, sent another messenger to Vaca de Castro,urging him to come, with all speed, to where he was | 178 | |
| [CHAPTER LIII] | ||
| How that, Don Diego de Almagro and his forces being in theprovince of Jauja, it was agreed that he and no othershould be General, and Cristóbal de Sotelo Camp-master;and how they were for sending García de Alvarado toLima, which was opposed by Sotelo | 180 | |
| [CHAPTER LIV] | ||
| How, after the Governor Vaca de Castro had sent messengersto many parts, he resolved to leave Quito and go to joinforces with the captain Alonso de Alvarado | 182 | |
| [CHAPTER LV] | ||
| Of the things that took place in the camp of Pero AlvarezHolguin, and how the Camp-master Gómez de Tordoyaand the captain Garcilaso de la Vega left it, and went tomeet the Governor Vaca de Castro | 186 | |
| [CHAPTER LVI] | ||
| How the Governor Vaca de Castro ordered the AdelantadoBelalcázar to return to his government, how he heard ofthe arrival of Pero Alvarez at Guaraz, and how, being atMotupe, Don Alonso de Montemayor and the captainVasco de Guevara joined him | 188 | |
| [CHAPTER LVII] | ||
| How the captain Pedro de Vergara spoke to the GovernorVaca de Castro, about providing some outfit for the soldierswho had been campaigning with him, and how the Governorarrived at the city of Truxillo | 193 | |
| [CHAPTER LVIII] | ||
| How the Governor Vaca de Castro went up the mountainroad from Santa, leaving the coast valleys, and how hemet Gómez de Alvarado, and was annoyed on learningthat he came without permission from Alonso de Alvarado,and how the Provincial, Friar Tomás de San Martín,also met him | 195 | |
| [CHAPTER LIX] | ||
| How the Governor, Vaca de Castro, held a review of theSpaniards who were with him, and how he sent Lorenzode Aldana and Diego Maldonado to the camp of PeroAlvarez Holguin | 199 | |
| [CHAPTER LX] | ||
| How it became known at Guaraz that Vaca de Castro was inthe camp of Alonso de Alvarado, and how the captainCastro went there, also of the journey of Vaca de Castroto Guaraz, and of how he took command of the troopsthere, and what else happened | 202 | |
| [CHAPTER LXI] | ||
| How the captain, Pero Alvarez Holguin, felt aggrieved becausethe standard he had presented was not displayed, and adisturbance almost arose out of it; and how Vaca de Castroproclaimed afresh the powers he held from his Majesty andasked that, by virtue of them, he should be acknowledgedas Governor | 205 | |
| [CHAPTER LXII] | ||
| How, when Don Diego de Almagro arrived at GuamangaMartín Carrillo, his Camp-master, killed Baltanas; andof Almagro's departure from Guamanga for Cuzco, andhow he made provision of arms and cast some cannon | 207 | |
| [CHAPTER LXIII] | ||
| Of other things that happened in the city of Cuzco, of thespeech that Don Diego made to his companions, and whatGarcía de Alvarado did | 211 | |
| [CHAPTER LXIV] | ||
| How the captains García de Alvarado and Saucedo went toask Cristóbal de Sotelo to pardon the soldiers he had inprison, and what then passed; and of the things thathappened afterwards, until García de Alvarado killed thegood cavalier Cristóbal de Sotelo | 215 | |
| [CHAPTER LXV] | ||
| Of the concern shown by Don Diego de Almagro and many ofthe Chile faction at the death of the captain Cristóbal deSotelo, and how García de Alvarado, with many others,fortified his house, and Don Diego wished to attack them | 220 | |
| [CHAPTER LXVI] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro gave over Sotelo's company toDiego Méndez, and how García de Alvarado was slain bythe hands of Don Diego, and Cristóbal de Sotelo avenged | 222 | |
| [CHAPTER LXVII] | ||
| In which the preceding chapter is concluded, down to the deathof García de Alvarado | 226 | |
| [CHAPTER LXVIII] | ||
| How the Governor Vaca de Castro resolved to send his armyto the province of Jauja while he himself went to Lima | 232 | |
| [CHAPTER LXIX] | ||
| Of the things that were done in Lima by Vaca de Castro, ofthe arrival of the captains at Jauja, and of how PedroAnzures went to San Miguel | 235 | |
| [CHAPTER LXX] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro, after the death of García deAlvarado, decided to prepare to depart from Cuzco, andhow he sent one Juan de Aguirre, and ten other mountedmen, to find out what was happening, and how they werecaptured and put to death | 238 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXI] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro and his forces left the valley ofXaquixaguana and marched to the bridge of Apurimac,and how they thought of withdrawing into The Collao | 241 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXII] | ||
| How the Governor Vaca de Castro quitted the province ofJauja, and proceeded to the city of Guamanga, where thecaptain Diego de Rojas was already | 254 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXIII] | ||
| How Idiáquez arrived at the camp of Vaca de Castro to treatof peace, just at the time when the Governor wanted tosend messengers to Vilcas | 257 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXIV] | ||
| How Vaca de Castro, notwithstanding that he had enteredinto negotiations, sent Alonso Çamarilla to the camp ofDon Diego as a spy, with letters to several of his people,and how he fell among scouts from Vilcas, was captured byJuan Diente and, on confession, put to death | 259 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXV] | ||
| How the messengers arrived at the camp at Vilcas, but theproposals did not lead to peace, so that the settlement ofclaims was left to arms | 262 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXVI] | ||
| How the messengers arrived at the camp of Vaca de Castroand it was learnt that Don Diego had left Vilcas, howPedro Anzures went out to reconnoitre, and how the twoforces approached to give battle, each captain animating hismen, and exhorting them for the fray | 265 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXVII] | ||
| How the captains Castro and Pedro Anzures went out for intelligence,and how the armies approached to give battle,each captain exhorting his men for the fray | 270 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXVIII] | ||
| Of the cruel battle between Vaca de Castro and Diego deAlmagro, and how the men of Chile were defeated androuted with much loss of life, and their party destroyed forever | 275 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXIX] | ||
| How, after the battle, the Governor ordered the wounded to betended, the captain Gómez de Tordoya being carried toGuamanga; how punishment was meted out to the conquered,and how the captain Gómez de Alvarado, beingtaken ill, died at Vilcas, and his body was brought toGuamanga for interment | 284 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXX] | ||
| Of the things that were done by the Governor, Vaca de Castro,and how he despatched certain captains on expeditionswithin the Realm | 287 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXI] | ||
| Of the things that happened to Gonzalo Pizarro until he returnedfrom his expedition into the land of cinnamon andonce more reached the city of Quito | 289 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXII] | ||
| How Garcilaso de la Vega arrived at Cuzco, of the imprisonmentof Don Diego, and how Vaca de Castro began hismarch to that city | 292 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXIII] | ||
| Of the things that were done in the city of Cuzco by theGovernor Vaca de Castro, and of his addiction to covetousnessand vain glory | 295 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXIV] | ||
| How Don Diego de Almagro, when he was in prison, triedto escape, and how he was beheaded by order of theGovernor Vaca de Castro | 297 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXV] | ||
| Of other things done by the Governor Vaca de Castro, and howhe nominated Diego de Rojas and Felipe Gutiérrez as hiscaptains for the subjugation of the Rio de la Plata | 303 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXVI] | ||
| How the Governor Vaca de Castro parcelled out the land;of the arrival of Gonzalo Pizarro at Lima, and how hetalked openly there about affairs | 306 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXVII] | ||
| How they discovered extensive deposits of gold near the river ofCaravaya, how Vaca de Castro ordered all the ancienttambos and stations to be occupied, and of the departure ofPedro Anzures and Francisco Becerra for Spain[1] | 308 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXVIII] | ||
| How the captain Gonzalo Pizarro arrived at the city ofCuzco, accompanied by some followers, but had not abandonedhis treasonable design of occupying the Realm; andof what further happened | 311 | |
| [CHAPTER LXXXIX] | ||
| How the leaders Felipe Gutiérrez and Diego de Rojas setout from Cuzco to proceed on their expedition | 314 | |
| [CHAPTER XC] | ||
| How the General Felipe Gutiérrez and the Camp-masterstarted forth from Cuzco, and how Diego de Rojas wentto explore in the direction indicated by the Indians | 317 | |
| [CHAPTER XCI] | ||
| Of what else happened to the captain Diego de Rojas | 320 | |
| [CHAPTER XCII] | ||
| How Felipe Gutiérrez came to join Diego de Rojas, of thearrival of Francisco de Mendoza at Chiquana, and whatelse happened | 323 | |
| [CHAPTER XCIII] | ||
| How the natives of those provinces concealed the food supplies,and of the scarcity that was apprehended, and how Diegode Rojas sent messengers to Felipe Gutiérrez | 325 | |
| [CHAPTER XCIV] | ||
| How, after the junction of the captains, they determined toadvance, and the party suffered greatly from thirst, sothat many of their serving men perished, and how theywent on exploring | 327 | |
| [CHAPTER XCV] | ||
| How the bachelor Juan Vélez de Guevara came to Lima,where the municipality would not accept him; and ofthe departure of the accountant Juan de Cáceres forPanamá | 330 | |
| [CHAPTER XCVI] | ||
| How the Indians who escaped from the hands of the Christianstook further counsel, and very boldly decided to go outand fight them; and of the death of Diego de Rojas | 331 | |
| [CHAPTER XCVII] | ||
| How Pero López de Ayala discovered the river of Soconcho,found a well peopled country, and returned to the GeneralFelipe Gutiérrez; and how they all set out for that place | 334 | |
| [CHAPTER XCVIII] | ||
| How the General Felipe Gutiérrez pursued his exploration downthe river Soconcho, and of what else happened | 335 | |
| [CHAPTER XCIX] | ||
| How, when the death of the Governor Don Francisco Pizarrowas known in Spain, it was ordered that there should bea Viceroy appointed and an Audiencia installed; and ofthe conference concerning the Ordinances that should beenacted for the new empire of the Indies | 337 | |
| [CHAPTER C] | ||
| How, when the new Ordinances had been enacted they weresent to most parts of the Indies; how in some localitiesstrong dissatisfaction was shown, while in others therewere no slight disturbances, and how, by order of themunicipality, the Alcalde Palomino and Don Antonio deRivera were sent from Lima to give Vaca de Castrowarning thereof | 360 | |
| [CHAPTER CI] | ||
| Of what more passed between Felipe Gutiérrez and Franciscode Mendoza, and how, after having explored certain regionsdown the river, Felipe Gutiérrez was put under arrestby Francisco de Mendoza | 363 | |
| [CHAPTER CII] | ||
| Of further things done by Francisco de Mendoza and how hesent to arrest Nicolás de Heredia and turned FelipeGutiérrez away | 365 | |
| [CHAPTER CIII] | ||
| How H.M. the Emperor, our Lord, ordered Blasco Nuñez Velato go out as Viceroy of the Realms of Peru, in order toenforce there the New Laws that had been enacted for thegovernment of the empire of the Indies | 368 | |
| [CHAPTER CIV] | ||
| How the Alcalde Alonso Palomino and Don Antonio deRivera arrived at the city of Cuzco, and what took place | 371 | |
| [Index] | 377 | |