1. A vowel before two consonants, or before a double consonant in the same word—as pīnguis, fat, īngens, great, Ājax, the name of a hero.
2. A vowel coming before one consonant at the end of a word, and another at the beginning of the next, as
Majōr sūm quām cui possīt tua virga nocere:
I’m a bigger boy than your rod is able to hurt.
The syllables jor, sum, quam, and sit, are long by position.
PATRES CONSCRIPTI TOOK A BOAT AND WENT TO PHILIPPI
TRUMPETER UNUS ERAT QUI COATUM SCARLET HABEBAT.
3. Sometimes, but seldom, a short vowel at the end of a word placed before two consonants at the beginning of the next; as
Occultā spolia hi Croceo de Colle ferebant: