360°
[-e sin Θ + 2 tan⁻¹(√1-e · tan Θ)]
1+e cos Θ(1-e²)½1+e 2
0

= 2πa² · (1 - e²)½,

which is twice the area of the ellipse.

The energy in the ellipse during an interval dt is

1mv²dt = 1mµ(2 - 1) dt,
2 2 r a

from the well-known equation for the velocity in a focal conic. The integral of this for the whole ellipse is

⌠T1mv²dt = ⌠360°1 mµ(2r - r²) dΘ
⌡0 2 ⌡0 2 h a

= mµ½πa½.

Since

⌠ r dΘ = ⌠ a · 1 - e²dΘ = 2a · 1 - e² tan⁻¹ (√1 - e tan Θ)
⌡ ⌡ 1 + e cos Θ(1 - e²)½1 + e 2